Abstract
The reclamation of new areas and distant lands with limited energy and material resources demands using resource- and energy-saving technologies. One of such technologies can be magnetic treatment of irrigating water and artificial manure solutions, and presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops in magnetic field. The authors found that magnetic field accelerates the velocity of chemical reactions, enhances salts and fertilizers solvability, and increases oxygen concentration in a solution. Magnetic field improves membrane cells permeability which accelerates molecules and ions diffusion through it. This process improves the ability of a seed to absorb water and increases the concentration of oxygen in a cell. Presowing treatment of seeds increases their ability of germination by 26–50%, sprouting by 20–30%. The best regime of water solutions and seeds of agricultural crops treatment in magnetic field is when magnetic induction is 0.065 Tl and the velocity of a solution is 0.4 m/s.
TopBackground
Water plays an important role in biological objects of plant origin. Many researchers agree that water treated in electromagnetic, electrical, vibrational or magnetic fields preserves its biological activity for a long period of time (Nakasono, & Saiki, 2000; Lobyshev, 2005; Chaplin, 2007).
Current theory of magnetic treatment of water systems is at the stage of hypothesizing and substantiating, however, experiments confirm that magnetic treatment of water changes its physical and chemical properties, that is such water accelerates coagulation and absorption, changes salts solvability, gases concentration, crystallization and soaking, magnetic susceptibility, viscosity, ion hydration, kinetics of chemical reactions (Malkin, Zhuravska, & Kovalenko, 2015; Klassen, 1982).
The following empirical dependences are revealed when water systems are treated magnetically:
- 1.
The effect of magnetic treatment gradually disappears after a short-term increase.
- 2.
Many cases show extreme dependence of the effect on characteristics of magnetic field such as intensity, field gradient, and frequency.
- 3.
The reverse during magnetic treatment enhances the effect of a solution treatment. Its function is to make ions accumulate at the walls of the pipeline while moving in magnetic field. It causes them to interact further.
- 4.
Almost all research confirms the presence of the best speed of the flow.
- 5.
The effect of magnetic treatment depends on the composition of water system.
There are known cases of the successful use of magnetoactive water to soak seeds, water plants, and remove salts from saline soil (Malkin, Furtat, Zhuravska, & Usachov, 2014; Amaya, et al., 1996)
Watering plants with magnetoactive water affects the absorption of nutrients by plants and accelerates their growth, increases productivity and the content of mineral salts and dry matter.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Diffusion: The process of mutual penetration of molecules or atoms of one substance among other atoms or molecules, which usually leads to equilibrium of their concentrations in the occupied volume.
Aqueous Solution: A kind of solution in which water is the solvent.
Germination: The ability to form well developed seed sprouts.
Magnetic Field: The component of electromagnetic field, due to which the interaction occurs between moving electrically charged particles.
Rate of Chemical Reactions: The change of the concentration of reactants or a reaction product per unit time.
Germination Energy: Seed capacity to germinate fast and together.
Biopotential: The difference of potentials between two points of tissue which reflects its bioelectric activity.
pH (Hydrogen): The value which shows the extent of the activity of hydrogen ions (H +) in a solution.
Oxidation-Reduction Potential (Redox): Is a measure of the chemical activity of elements or their compounds in reversible chemical processes associated with a change in the charge of ions in solutions.
Magnetic Induction: A vector physical value, the main characteristic feature of the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field.