The method of estimating the resource of complex technical objects, in particular, aviation technique, is proposed, which includes the construction of a mathematical model of the object's functioning to determine its actual technical condition and residual resource for planning, design, production, operation, repairs, and modernization of aviation technique. To determine the actual state and estimate the residual life of structures, it is proposed to simultaneously evaluate several characteristics of the material of the object: the characteristic parameters of the structure of the material, integral parameters of the material, related to strength (for example, hardness), the presence and nature of macro defects, the degree of corrosion wear of the metal. Limit values of the selected diagnostic parameters are determined by available standards or technical conditions for objects. The dynamics of changes in diagnostic parameters can be monitored and modeled on the basis of the data of periodic inspections of the control object.
TopBackground
The modern level of scientific and technological progress allows us to create objects that are endowed with high reliability. The basis for this is the set of measures that are used at the stages of design, manufacturing, installation, and operation. The problem of forecasting and providing technical resources of complex technical objects remains the most actual problem.
The complex technical objects mean the systems in which, when securing or adding components, qualitatively new properties of the system arise. Each component of the system can be described by a set of characteristic features whose values determine the current state of the component and the system as a whole. Thus, the behavior of the system is described by a vector of values of characteristic features, taking into account the influence of external factors on the behavior of the system (Babich, Dovbenko, et al., 2017; Kuzmych & Kvasnikov, 2017; Kuzmych, 2018)
The most versatile characteristic of a complex technical object is its reliability, that is, the property of the object to store in time within the established limits the values of all parameters that characterize the ability to perform the required functions in the given modes and conditions of application, maintenance, storage and transportation (Сhing, 2009; Makhutov & Reznikov, 2011).
An overwhelming majority, modern technical objects are very complex technical systems consisting of thousands or even tens of thousands of elements. The consequence of such complexity is their high cost, large material costs for their design, fabrication, and operation (Kuzmych, Kobylianskyi, et al., 2018; Kuzmych, 2018; Wu, Clements-Croome, et al., 2006).
The creation of such systems requires the creation and development of scientific and methodological foundations of the theory of their analysis and synthesis, which is based on the development of scenarios of the emergence and development of dangerous conditions and failures.
In the conditions of modern production, an important task is to evaluate the resource of complex potentially dangerous engineering structures at the design stage, to evaluate and forecast the residual resource during operation, to extend the term of the operation and service after the ending of the normative term of operation. Operating conditions of such structures are characterized by various influences, which lead to the degradation of structural materials and the exhaustion of the resource structures. The process of resource exhaustion is multistage, nonlinear, and interconnected (Kuzmych, 2018; Kuzmych, Kobylianskyi, et al., 2018; Makhutov & Reznikov, 2011).
For evaluating and substantiating the resource of complex technical constructions the following tasks should be solved: