The desire of entrepreneurs and consumers to reduce the costs of circulation and purchases led to the development of a new form of business management based on the principles of the sharing economy. This business model is based on the fact that instead of owning certain things (tools, equipment, cars, housing), consumers use them on a rental basis. It is worth noting that this business model can exist and develop only with the use of internet resources and modern information technologies. Thus, the considered business model reduces costs by reducing the cost of searching for information and the speed of the transaction, as well as by eliminating the cost of acquisition and property possession. The aim of the study is to analyze and identify the problems of sharing economic resources and emerging disruptive technologies on the example of transport, especially railway transport. The following methods were used in the research: logical-analytical, statistical, methods of dynamic series analysis, methods of technical and economic calculations, the method of comparisons.
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The development of the theory and methodology for assessing the transport resources use efficiency, including the use of shared consumption model are discussed in the works of the following authors: Maikova (2019), Sabitov (2019), Hartmann (2019), Kelly (2017), Shor, Walker and Lee (2015), Macheret (2014, 2018), Pittman (2002), Sotnikov, Levin and Alexeyev (2007), Shapkin and Obukhov (2015), Ryshkov (2014), Voznesenski (2018), Khusainov (2017).
The following methods were used in the research: logical-analytical, statistical, methods of dynamic series analysis, methods of technical and economic calculations, the method of comparisons.
One of the modern management forms and methods is the application of the sharing economy concept, the key principle of which is “to use, but not to own”. The sharing economy is an entirely new model of business process organization, fundamentally different from traditional approaches.
The model of shared consumption was first described in detail by R. Botsman and R. Rogers (2010). Shared consumption is an economic model based on the collective use of goods and services, rent and barter instead of ownership. Sharing of various resources can be practiced: housing, cars, parking, equipment, tools, knowledge and skills. Maykova (2015) showed in her previous work that technologies development, the spread of the Internet and social networks accelerated shared consumption development, while environmental problems and the economic crisis motivated people to participate in this model.
Since the advent of natural exchange, people shared with each other the benefits available — invited relatives and friends to visit, allowed to spend the night and for a while shared things that they did not use themselves. Shared consumption is not a completely new model of business organization, however, thanks to the widespread development of the Internet, it has received a new, larger implementation. We all know from our childhood rental of sports equipment in holiday homes, skate rentals at the rink and skis in parks. However, all this exchange was limited to the place of our stay or the communication circle of a particular person.
With the development of technology, society has returned to this practice — but now the exchange of things and services is not limited to a narrow circle of communication of a particular person, and has grown to the scale of the world. This phenomenon was called shared consumption and became a new socio-economic model that radically changed our consumption of goods and services (Sabitov, 2018). The modern model of sharing certain goods and objects involves the use of Internet resources, which removes the restriction of access to the service only to local residents. Moreover, now it is not necessary to visit the rental office to rent a car. It has also become virtual and if you have a free car in the vicinity of your stay, you can use it by making a deal for rent in a few seconds using your smartphone.