Abstract
The study aims to guide the assisted living facility (ALF) design, in which biophilic design, which is observed to have positive physiological, psychological, and sociological effects on humans, is observed, and the principle of universal design is accessible and designed for everyone. Since there is no place called a biophilic ALF, the study is supported by a nature-oriented design method called Green Building Rating Tools. Green building certificate systems are explored in terms of biophilic and universal design, and three of the certifications show credits linked to the theories researched. With these certificates, green building certified ALFs located in the same region are selected. With the methodology applied on the case studies of three ALFs that received these certificates, how and where biophilic and universal design patterns can be transferred from theory to practice has been examined. The study observed the extent of 14 biophilic design patterns in ALFs and tabulated how to find each pattern in these facilities according to the methods and places.
TopUniversal Design
The universal design term was first used in America in 1985 to provide equal opportunities for everyone (Mace, 1985). In the design process, designers have to consider the whole process, as body functions and responses weaken as age progresses. Everyone should have equal access and opportunities regardless of body conditions, abilities, and age (Null, 2013). There are seven principles listed as universal design principles.
Table 1 shows the universal design principles with required keywords, sample figures, and conditions. These patterns can be adapted to different fields as architecture, urban design, interior architecture, and landscape architecture. These seven parameters are designed to reach the diversity of people and these principles can be applied through the design process.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Green Building Rating Tools: Integrated design process to create projects that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
Biophilia: A hypothetical human tendency to interact or be closely associated with other forms of life in nature: a desire or tendency to commune with nature.
Restorative Design: Creating a built environment promoting wellness, economy through conservation, and a more meaningful connection to nature.
Universal Design: It is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.
Assisted Living Facility: A system of housing and limited care that is designed for senior citizens who need some assistance with daily activities but do not require care in a nursing home, often hyphenated when used attributively.
Biophilic Design: With scientific research and natural elements, it aims to create a human-centered environment that cares for the mental and psychological needs connected with nature.
Green Building: Buildings that reduce negative impacts from buildings on energy consumption and environment; efficient building operation in integrated planning, site orientation, energy-saving technologies, on-site renewable energy-producing technologies, light-reflective materials, natural daylight and ventilation.