The efforts to extend the human life have been one of the most discussed topics in all periods of history. Advances in science and technology lead the way to these pursuits. Especially with the developments related to artificial intelligence, it is thought that in many fields, human life will change radically in the future. Transhumanism refers to studies that are performed for the human to live a good life psychologically, physiologically and socially through extending the life span. The ability of a person to live a better life depends on his harmony with hope, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy, which indicate his positive psychological capital, as much as the progress in science and technology. With the study, transhumanism and positive psychological capital have been examined in the framework of organizational behavior, and how life in the future might be has been stated.
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A hundred thousand years ago, the history of humanity was shaped by human communities that are not different from modern humans in biological terms. The behaviors of individuals within these human communities were blended with the teachings of the community, apart from that they learned through the wonderful mechanisms of DNA molecules (McNeil, 2007). In the process from the first man to nowadays, when the characteristics of the human being carried by the genetics and all the processes that he later learns are examined, it is seen that primary objective is to try to extend the human life and to live a more comfortable life. In fact, when the old tombs are examined, the findings that come out are expressed as symbols of the desire of the continuation of life after death (Akurgal, 1995). People are always looking for ways of ecologically, geographically or mentally expanding the boundaries of their own existence (Bostrom, 2003). Transhumanism is, according to its proselytizers, the “intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally improving the human condition through applied reason, especially by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities” (Agar, 2007). Rapid developments in science and technology are seen as a step towards transhumanism by increasing human health and well-being, although it is not expressed as transhumanism now (Rubin, 2008).
It is a fact that science and technological advances prolong human life. However, could the psychology of the human whose life is prolonged physiologically and that reaches comfort be able to adapt to this change? There will be mental developments through expected space colonization and bionic implants and advanced social science and advanced psychology (Bostrom, 2003). In these changes, it is important how to establish the balance between human psychology and change by foreseeing the involvement of psychological interactions in the account. It is not wrong to foresee that the positive psychological capital will fundamentally serve as a solid anchor in these changes. Positive psychological capital that is expressed as a process that brings out the realization potential of the individual by focusing on the positive aspects of him or her, is a very good shield against the brutal effects of changes (Luthans et al., 2007). All together or separately, hope, self-efficacy, resilience and optimism dimensions of the positive psychological capital have significant roles in fulfilling the necessities through internalising the changes (Avey et al., 2011).
Efforts to extend the human life and the process to keep pace with the changes that have emerged at the end of these efforts are leading to an important situation in the field of organizational behavior. This study deals with the situation of the positive psychological capital and the reflections organizational behavior in changes of the transhumanist era.