University Reading and Mathematics Clinics in the Digital Age: Opportunities and Challenges With iPad Integration

Background

Often, university students and K-12 students come to school from homes where touch technology is part of their everyday lives, through the use of smartphones, tablet computers, and hand-held gaming systems. However, schools often lag behind the outside culture in technology integration. Seymour Papert (1994, 1996), one of the world’s foremost experts on technology and learning, posited that the full effect of technology on education will not be known until students no longer have to share devices.

Because the future work of the world is destined to be digital (Tsukayama, 2014), schools are beginning to explore these devices and 1:1 environments for learning in an effort to engage and prepare tech-savvy citizens for college and careers. Even schools with limited funds are changing their stance on mobile learning devices and are opting for “Bring Your Own Device” policy changes that result in new learning landscapes (Flanagan, 2013; ISED, 2013). These 1:1 environments are becoming more commonplace, and iPads are at the forefront of the movement (Jo, 2013; Kraft, 2013; Upadhyaya, 2013). In the most recent National Survey of Mobile Technology for K-12 Education (Interactive Systems Education Design, Inc. [ISED], 2013), iPads lead the national trend as the most common mobile devices adopted or planned to be adopted. These devices bring great hopes for changing the landscape of learning by differentiating instruction, increasing engagement, providing more collaborative opportunities, and supporting understanding of learning objectives. Thus, teacher educators find themselves charged with preparing preservice teachers for digital learning environments that neither they nor their students have experienced as teachers or learners.