In the chapter, the authors present the results of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications for military geoinformation system (GIS) task solutions. The results of the visual modelling of the revealing process of invisible military objects from one of point of observation on the mountainous terrain of the Azerbaijan Republic by using UAV are presented. The observation conditions between two points of the selected mountain terrain during battle operation have been investigated using GIS technology. The quantitative method of the invisible area assessment and military objects in mountainous terrain are developed and offered by using UAVs. The numerical estimation method of a task support success of UAV reconnaissance flight in mountainous battle conditions has been offered and considered. Using UAVs for the purpose of orthophotomap making of the terrain and combat control the detailed 3D-model has been constructed.
TopBackground
The observation condition is one of the tactic properties impacted on the application of weapons and battle technics, on the organization of war operations (Zaritski & Chаrkеvich, 2007). This property is determined by the invisible level of terrain, visible distance and it is dependent on the relief condition. The right organized visual monitoring provide correct data. These data give to commandant the possibilities to make detailed assesstment of battle area and to adopt reasonable decision making. The more flank of hill, slope of ravine, valleys, heights, trees and bushes, various buildings the more disadvantageous observation condition on the terrain. During monitoring should to choose such observation point that mountain passes, patches, slopes of ravine and valleys are observed.
The topographic map is one of the main source giving information about terrain topographic elements: coordinates and mutual locations, sizes and other qualitative and quantitative peculiarities. Moreover, not reflected itself in the map changed elements have tactical importance, too. These elements impact much on the tactical battle properties. The main information sources about such objects are aerophotographs made during battle. Further, these aerophotographs can be applied in navigation systems of the high precise weapons, for instance, various kind of correlation-extreme navigation systems, to destroy invisible enemy targets. The large natural and artificial obstacles (forests, high hills, mountains, etc.) aggravate this problem, and create a necessity to applied UAVs (Butin, 2013; Varvarina, 2012). The UAVs are widely applied in reconnaissance searches for observation tasks (Petrov, 2013).
The modern GIS have been widely applied in Armed Forces for preparation and control of battle operations, for information providing of tactic activities, for improvement of topographic maps, for determination of location on the ground of the land forces etc. (Sокоlоv & Тixonov, 2008; . Olaf Conrad, 2010). In the real situations during battle operations the Geography information about situation on the terrain can be often changed. So, in this cause, the application of usual maps isn’t effective. Only the modern automated control system can provide fast changing an information documenting. The modern GIS electron maps, video data editing systems, the especial GIS software in modern computer-driven control system (Windows 8, 10, 13, etc.) have been developed (ArcGIS, 2008; Кarmanov, 2012). They provide a creation of vector, raster and matrix maps, and efficiently data about terrain updating.