User Involvement, Open Service Innovations, and Social Media: Lessons from a Case Study

Introduction

Concepts like Open Innovation (Chesbrough, 2003) and User-driven Innovation (Alam & Perry, 2002) are receiving growing attention. The concepts indicate that innovation is not confined to internal organizational processes but involve interactive processes, where organizations interact with external partners including customers and users. Research within innovation has traditionally focused on innovation within the industrial sectors. However, service innovation is becoming increasingly important as services form a significant part of economical and societal activities.

Libraries, and especially research libraries, are facing considerable challenges as their services are getting increasingly digitalized (Carr, 2009) and the Internet poses a threat to the services they provide. Thus, libraries face challenges to innovate their services to stay competitive (Scupola and Nicolajsen, 2010; Scupola and Nicolajsen, 2012). According to Brindley (2006) library service innovation must happen in close contact with the users. Rutherford (2008) argues that such user involvement can be supported through new social software. By drawing on Brindley (2006) and Rutherford (2008), the aim of this chapter is, to investigate the potentials of using social media in user driven innovation service innovation in academic libraries. In doing so we limit ourselves to focus on the ideation phase of the innovation process in which the involvement of users has been found to possess particular potentials (Alam and Perry 2002). Therefore, the following research question is addressed in this chapter: How can social media be used in academic libraries to involve users in the idea generation phase of the service innovation process?

In order to investigate the research question we conducted an in depth case study at Roskilde University Library (Yin, 1994). The research design consisted of three steps. First a pilot study investigating existing innovation processes and user involvement in the innovation process at Roskilde University Library was conducted; then a field experiment was conducted in which social media such as blogs were set up on the library web page to collect ideas from the users; finally the third step consisted of follow-up interviews and workshops to get feedback and evaluate the experiment’s results. All in all, the blog was considered by the library management as a useful tool to communicate with the users and to generate a manageable amount of useful ideas.

The chapter is structured as follows. First, we theoretically discuss user involvement in service innovation and in particular user involvement through social media with focus on blogs. Then we present our research method and the analysis and results. Finally we provide a discussion of the results and some concluding remarks.