Victimization: Sexual Minorities

Victimization: Sexual Minorities

Ramona S. McNeal (University of Northern Iowa, USA), Susan M. Kunkle (Kent State University, USA), and Mary Schmeida (Kent State University, USA)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 19
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-3674-5.ch008
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Abstract

Not all groups are equally likely to be subject to acts of aggression; specific subgroups are more likely to be victimized. For example, youth who identify as a sexual minority are more likely to be victims of traditional forms of bullying than their heterosexual friends. There has been less research, however, on population subgroups and the likelihood of becoming a victim of cyber aggression. In exploring this topic, this chapter examines several questions including, “How important is the amount of time spent online as an intermediate variable in predicting whether an individual will become a victim of cyber aggression?” and “Does sexual orientation impact the likelihood of being a victim of cyberaggression above and beyond the amount of time spent online?” Multivariate statistical methods and survey data from the Pew Research Center for the year 2014 was used in this analysis.
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A Vulnerable Population: Sexual Minorities

Sexuality occurs across a continuum which is to say that same-gender attraction and relationships are normal variations of human sexuality (American Psychological Association, 2015a; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMSHA], 2014; American Psychological Association, 2009; American Psychological Association, 2008). Likewise, a gender identity that is different than sex assigned at birth, and a gender expression diverging from the conventional cultural norms for gender, is normal variation of human gender (American Psychological Association, 2015a; SAMSHA, 2014). Sexual minorities include lesbian (L) women, gay (G) men, bisexual (B) men and women, and transgender (T) men and women. Questioning (Q) is a designation referring to individuals who are uncertain about their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Q is also used as a verb to describe the process of exploring one’s sexual orientation and/or gender identity (Buist & Lenning, 2016; SAMSHA, 2015).

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