Visualization of Neuro-Fuzzy Networks Training Algorithms: The Backpropagation Algorithm Approach

Cognitive Science and Biological Neural Networks

The structural differences between the human brain and the computer do not prevent the attempt to substitute some cognitive functions of the brain by a computer system. Under this perspective the branch of computer science which deals with the design and the implementation of systems that simulate human intelligence, logical thinking and behavior known as artificial intelligence may be employed for the task in hand (O’Regan & Noë, 2001). Interdisciplinary issues that are addressed within this research include the representation of knowledge and the adaptation of semantic descriptions.

The idea that the human mind is a computer whose operation is perceived via a process of reverse engineer returned to the forefront of cognitive science a number of issues that relate with evolutionary theory and natural evolution of the mind. According to the evolutionary theory, living species does not remain unaffected over time (Matthen & Stephens, 2007). Brain functions have changed over time under a series of adaptive changes. Several psychologists and cognitive scientists suggest that this approach renders the reverse approach as a strong candidate, allowing to study the human brain structure (Ivancevic & Ivancevic, 2007). Computer simulation may be employed to examine the cognitive function processes. Cognitive processes simulation is related to the perception and the analysis of brain process under mental or cognitive function. The simulation program uses a computational model that consists of a series mathematical equations or algorithms. Such systems are inspired by the biological neural networks are the artificial neural networks (Kowaliw, Bredeche, Chevallier, & Doursat, 2014). Artificial neural networks provide an alternative model, which is inspired, by biological models. Here, calculations are conducted massively and in parallel. A neuron is the smallest part of the brain that processes information and is identified as the basic difference between animals and plants (plants do not have neurons). There are approximately 10 billion neurons and 60 trillion connections in the cortex of the brain. A biological neuron consists of three main sections, which is the body, the axis, and dendrites. The dendrites, receive signals from neighboring neurons. These signals are electrical pulses that spread between the axis of the neuron transmitter and receiver dendrites of the neuron with the help of chemical processes. The point of a chemical process where the axis of a neuron transmits a signal to the dendrites of the next is called the conclusion. Then the body accumulates incoming signals where several brands have been sending the processed signal to adjacent neurons through the shaft. Thus, each neuron receives many signals as input and after processing only one spreading all the neurons with which it is linked (Levine et al., 2014).

Figure 1.

Biological and Artificial Network Simulation