Waste Management Under the Legal Framework in India

Waste Management Under the Legal Framework in India

Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Copyright: © 2020 |Pages: 22
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-0198-6.ch006
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Abstract

India, the second biggest country in the world, has nearly 1.25 million people living in 29 states and seven union territories covering an area of 3,287,000 sq. km. India's economy grew at an impressive 8.2% in the first quarter of 2018-19. Traditionally, India has the habit of reuse and recycling the materials wherever possible. As the city agglomeration is increasing the waste generation is increasing. The number of towns/cities have increased from 5,161 in 2001 to 7,935 in 2011, whereas the number of metropolitan cities having million plus population has increased from 35 to 53 number as per 2011 census. It is projected that half of India's population will live in cities by 2050. Waste management in India has been experiencing a paradigm shift through the establishment of Swachh Bharat Mission in urban and rural India in 2014 and the revision and establishment of waste management rules in six types of wastes including transboundary movement in 2016. This study presents the overall waste management scenario and the legal framework in India.
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Waste Definitions, Population, Gdp, Annual Waste Generation, Daily/Annual Per Capita Waste Generation, Composition Of Solid Waste/Msw, Waste Generation Nationwide (Urban Vs Rural)

Solid wastes have been classified in different regulated categories in India, namely, a) solid waste, b) hazardous waste, c) electronic waste, d) biomedical waste, e) construction and demolition waste (C&D), f) plastic wastes and g) lead acid batteries. The recently revised Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules 2016 defines “solid waste” as the solid waste, which includes solid or semi-solid domestic waste, sanitary waste, institutional waste, commercial waste, catering and market waste and other non-residential wastes, silt collected from the surface drains, street sweepings, agriculture and dairy waste, horticulture waste, treated bio-medical waste excluding industrial waste, bio-medical waste, e-waste, battery waste and radio-active waste generated in the area under the local authorities and other entities. The general waste flow methods in India starts from segregated storage at source and/or storage mixed at source – collection - transportation followed by disposal to recycling & treatment facilities and/or dumping to specified open ground or to sanitary landfill sites. Government of India has a regulation for the underground isolation lining in the landfill for avoiding leachate emissions and regular application of soil coverage over disposed waste.

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