What is Annealing (heat treatment)

It is well known that the sample preparation, experimental measurement, and technique have played a vital role in empirical research work. In this chapter, the detailed discussions on the doping and various post-treatments on the PANI thin films have been made. The in-depth studies on gold, silver, aluminum, lithium, HCl, and camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) doped PANI nanocomposites and thin films have been undertaken in this chapter, followed by discussing the effect of post-annealing treatment and ion reaction medium. The impact of different doping and post-treatment on the properties of PANI films viz. microstructural, optical-electrical, thermal, etc., have been analyzed herein. The structural and optoelectrical properties of PANI films and its nanocomposites have also been discussed in which metal-nanoparticles inserted PANI films achieve particular consideration due to its relatively thought-provoking non-linear optical properties.