What is APT

Chapter 1 sets the scene by providing an overview of the Industry 4.0 concept that is conjoining a number of different technologies, with various levels of maturity, in order to provide an end-to-end capability. This case study is a good exemplar to tease out many pertinent socio-technical topics where the main contexts will be elaborated on throughout the remainder of the book. In short, a case is made that cyber security is first and foremost a human problem, but also highlights the importance of regulation, standards, and bodies to underpin cyber security. Examples of the opposing forces are covered here that together if unmitigated will contrive to undermine the cyber resilience of the 21st century.