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What is Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Chapter 19
Handbook of Research on Global Indicators of Economic and Political Convergence
The increase in energy consumption for various economic activities results in an increasing amount of gases that cause a greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, which ends up increasing global warming. The major gas causing the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which is emitted through the use of fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas. It contributes more than 70% of atmospheric concentration and also has the longest life cycle with an atmospheric lifetime of almost 200 years. Therefore, analysing the determinants of CO 2 emissions and presenting forecasts for its potential evolution in the medium and long term is very much crucial for sustainable growth.
Published in Chapter:
A Comparative Study on World-Wide Carbon Emission Convergence: An Empirical Analysis
Chhanda Mandal (Muralidhar Girls College, India) and Anita Chattopadhyay Gupta (Deshbandhu College for Girls, India)
Copyright: © 2016 |Pages: 18
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0215-9.ch019
Abstract
Environmental issue is one of the primary concerns in present global scenario for developed as well as developing countries and reducing the emission level of greenhouse gases is the common objective for all. Study of per capita carbon emission convergence is quite significant in the ongoing debate of climate change policy formulation and implementation as future emission level can only decide the incentive to shift to the clean technology. With a balanced panel of 79 countries and 50 years, over 1960-2009, we have tested for both sigma and beta convergence. The data exhibits a possible convergence in carbon emission. The countries are disaggregated twice, first into OECD and Non-OECD countries and then into five categories on the basis of income. OECD countries show absolute and conditional beta convergence, also with sigma convergence. Countries from lower income group have a lower degree of variability in dispersion in the time period being considered. The set of explanatory variables in this analysis are real GDP per capita, population growth rate and trade openness.
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Chapter 12
The Contribution of the Environmental Tax on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Exploratory Study in Portugal and Spain
This polluting effect is responsible for gases that stimulate greenhouse effects. Community directives (EU) and the various international conferences on the environment and quality of life seek to promote reducing greenhouse effects.
Published in Chapter: The Contribution of the Environmental Tax on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Exploratory Study in Portugal and Spain; From: Taking on Climate Change Through Green Taxation
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