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What is Cluster

Chapter 13
Handbook of Research on Scalable Computing Technologies
A multicomputer with the tree structure of communication net.
Published in Chapter:
Assembling of Parallel Programs for Large Scale Numerical Modeling
V.E. Malyshkin (Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia)
Copyright: © 2010 |Pages: 17
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-661-7.ch013
Abstract
The main ideas of the Assembly Technology (AT) in its application to parallel implementation of large scale realistic numerical models on a rectangular mesh are considered and demonstrated by the parallelization (fragmentation) of the Particle-In-Cell method (PIC) application to solution of the problem of energy exchange in plasma cloud. The implementation of the numerical models with the assembly technology is based on the construction of a fragmented parallel program. Assembling of a numerical simulation program under AT provides automatically different useful dynamic properties of the target program including dynamic load balance on the basis of the fragments migration from overloaded into underloaded processor elements of a multicomputer. Parallel program assembling approach also can be considered as combination and adaptation for parallel programming of the well known modular programming and domain decomposition techniques and supported by the system software for fragmented programs assembling.
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Chapter 9
Firm Growth: Access to Venture Capital Finance
Venture capital firms that are concentrated in terms of their geographical location or co-location with their investment.
Published in Chapter: Firm Growth: Access to Venture Capital Finance; From: Entrepreneurial Orientation and Opportunities for Global Economic Growth
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Chapter 25
Data Lakes
A cluster is a set of compute nodes that work in sync to process a job. The job could be data engineering, data science, analytics, or any machine learning workload.
Published in Chapter: Data Lakes; From: Encyclopedia of Data Science and Machine Learning
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Chapter 204
A Structure Analysis of Keiretsu of Toyota
Clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialised suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions in particular fields that compete but also cooperate.
Published in Chapter: A Structure Analysis of Keiretsu of Toyota; From: Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations
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Chapter 25
From the Working Order of Akhi-Tradesmen Organization to Economic Geography: Regional Production, Competition, and Tanner Tradesmen
The gathering of producers and their supporting firms and institutions that are operating in the same or similar line of business, geographically close to each other, cooperating and competiting with each other.
Published in Chapter: From the Working Order of Akhi-Tradesmen Organization to Economic Geography: Regional Production, Competition, and Tanner Tradesmen; From: Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Techniques in Financial Marketing
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Chapter 12
Organizational Configuration and Relationship With the Environment: Case Study of the Science and Technology Park of the University of Porto
A geographical concentration of companies and institutions, usually from the same sector of activity or that share the same strategic goals, a configuration linked to increases in the competitiveness of those companies.
Published in Chapter: Organizational Configuration and Relationship With the Environment: Case Study of the Science and Technology Park of the University of Porto; From: The Role of Knowledge Transfer in Open Innovation
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Chapter 17
Regional Aspects of the Arctic Ice Silk Road: Case of Heilongjiang Province, China
A network that enables companies to overcome internal limitations by joining efforts and resources with research institutions, universities, other companies, and public sector organizations in pursuit of a common objective or vision.
Published in Chapter: Regional Aspects of the Arctic Ice Silk Road: Case of Heilongjiang Province, China; From: Handbook of Research on International Collaboration, Economic Development, and Sustainability in the Arctic
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Chapter 13
Grids, Clouds, and Massive Simulations
Is the preconfigured computing service distribution system powered by the computing and networking resources at one physical site.
Published in Chapter: Grids, Clouds, and Massive Simulations; From: Handbook of Research on High Performance and Cloud Computing in Scientific Research and Education
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Chapter 499
Process-Based Data Mining
Subset of data records; the goal of clustering is to partition a database into clusters of similar records such that records that share a number of properties are considered to be homogeneous.
Published in Chapter: Process-Based Data Mining; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition
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Chapter 22
Digitalization and Political Extremism
It is defined as the groups formed by people with similar ideological beliefs on the internet.
Published in Chapter: Digitalization and Political Extremism; From: Handbook of Research on Digital Violence and Discrimination Studies
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Chapter 16
Coworking Spaces and the Transcendence of Social Innovation Knowledge in the Smart Territory
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Chapter 223
Trust in Networks and Clusters
A geographic co-location of firms and/or activities that are linked along the supply and/or value chain.
Published in Chapter: Trust in Networks and Clusters; From: Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations
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Chapter 8
Topic Detection and Tracking Towards Determining Public Agenda Items: The Impact of Named Entities on Event-Based News Clustering
A group of similar objects (data points) belonging to the same cluster. They have similar characteristics in the cluster but are different from the objects in other clusters.
Published in Chapter: Topic Detection and Tracking Towards Determining Public Agenda Items: The Impact of Named Entities on Event-Based News Clustering; From: Machine Learning for Societal Improvement, Modernization, and Progress
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Chapter 5
Storage Infrastructure for Big Data and Cloud
A computer cluster consists of a set of loosely connected or tightly connected computers that work together so that in many respects they can be viewed as a single system. The components of a cluster are usually connected to each other through fast local area networks (“LAN”), with each node (computer used as a server) running its own instance of an operating system.
Published in Chapter: Storage Infrastructure for Big Data and Cloud; From: Handbook of Research on Cloud Infrastructures for Big Data Analytics
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Chapter 218
Tourism Networks and Clusters
A geographic co-location of firms and/or activities that are linked along the supply and/or value chain
Published in Chapter: Tourism Networks and Clusters; From: Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations
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Chapter 10
The Future of Trade Fairs After the COVID-19 Pandemic
It is the sustainable organized activities of companies and supporting institutions in a certain geographical region, in a certain sector, in order to achieve the goals they have determined with a common mind.
Published in Chapter: The Future of Trade Fairs After the COVID-19 Pandemic; From: Impact of Global Issues on International Trade
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Chapter 16
What are the Most Critical Factors for Competitiveness of a Tourism Destination?
The geographic concentrations of companies and institutions involved in a specific sector of activity, where interrelationships reinforce competitive advantages.
Published in Chapter: What are the Most Critical Factors for Competitiveness of a Tourism Destination?; From: Handbook of Research on Global Competitive Advantage through Innovation and Entrepreneurship
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Chapter 10
Adapting to the Traffic Swarm: Swarm Behaviour for Autonomous Cars
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Chapter 34
Entrepreneurship, Firm Internationalization and Regional Development
Territorial agglomeration of interconnected firms and support institutions, with a strong local integration, based on network relationships, through the sharing of knowledge and experience.
Published in Chapter: Entrepreneurship, Firm Internationalization and Regional Development; From: Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurial Success and its Impact on Regional Development
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Chapter 4
Predicting the Academic Performance of Students Using Utility-Based Data Mining
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Chapter 2
Boundary Complexes and Interior Points of the Polytopes
A chemical compound that is intermediate between a molecule and a volumetric body.
Published in Chapter: Boundary Complexes and Interior Points of the Polytopes; From: The Geometry of Higher-Dimensional Polytopes
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Chapter 52
Categorization of Data Clustering Techniques
A cluster is a group of objects having some common natural characteristics.
Published in Chapter: Categorization of Data Clustering Techniques; From: Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology
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Chapter 31
Data Clustering Using Sine Cosine Algorithm: Data Clustering Using SCA
A collection of data points that are similar to one another within the same cluster and are dissimilar to data points in other clusters.
Published in Chapter: Data Clustering Using Sine Cosine Algorithm: Data Clustering Using SCA; From: Handbook of Research on Machine Learning Innovations and Trends
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Chapter 150
Binary Search Approach for Largest Cascade Capacity of Complex Networks
A grouping of the nodes in a network such that the density of links among nodes within the cluster is larger compared to the density of links to nodes outside the cluster.
Published in Chapter: Binary Search Approach for Largest Cascade Capacity of Complex Networks; From: Encyclopedia of Data Science and Machine Learning
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Chapter 344
Clustering Methods for Detecting Communities in Networks
A group of equal or similar elements that occurring closely or together. A sub network divided in groups of nodes with dense connections internally and sparser connections between groups.
Published in Chapter: Clustering Methods for Detecting Communities in Networks; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 2
On the Use of System-Level Benchmarks for Comparing Public Cloud Environments
A group of computers networked together so that they are able to share resources and function as a single, distributed entity.
Published in Chapter: On the Use of System-Level Benchmarks for Comparing Public Cloud Environments; From: Handbook of Research on Cloud Computing and Big Data Applications in IoT
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Chapter 16
E-Learning and the Disciplines: Lessons from Applied Linguistics
A term Vygotsky used to describe a very primitive sort of concept in which similar constructs are grouped together. No systemic, conceptual organization has yet been developed.
Published in Chapter: E-Learning and the Disciplines: Lessons from Applied Linguistics; From: Handbook of Research on Building, Growing, and Sustaining Quality E-Learning Programs
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Chapter 19
How Spanish Universities are Promoting Entrepreneurship through Your Own Lines of Teaching and Research?
We can define it as a Business Association around a value chain. They are formed by companies, foundations and other associations and organizations related to continuous management improvement. They have been promoted by regional administration and operate under the principle of cooperation but with autonomy own.
Published in Chapter: How Spanish Universities are Promoting Entrepreneurship through Your Own Lines of Teaching and Research?; From: Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurial Success and its Impact on Regional Development
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Chapter 4
Corruption Levels and Country Cluster: A Comparative Analysis
Group of data points that share similar characteristics and are identified based on their proximity to each other. It is a technique used in data mining and machine learning to group similar data points together for further analysis.
Published in Chapter: Corruption Levels and Country Cluster: A Comparative Analysis; From: Management Strategies and Tools for Addressing Corruption in Public and Private Organizations
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Chapter 57
N-Clustering of Text Documents Using Graph Mining Techniques
The set of related documents which consist of a particular word.
Published in Chapter: N-Clustering of Text Documents Using Graph Mining Techniques; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition
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Chapter 107
Using Network Analysis for Understanding How Decisions are Made
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Chapter 103
Complexity Factors in Networked and Virtual Working Environments
Clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected enterprises, specialised suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions in particular fields that compete but also cooperate.
Published in Chapter: Complexity Factors in Networked and Virtual Working Environments; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition
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Chapter 347
The Future of High-Performance Computing (HPC)
A computer cluster consists of a set of loosely or tightly connected computers (nodes) that work together so that, in many respects, they can be viewed as a single system, controlled by software.
Published in Chapter: The Future of High-Performance Computing (HPC); From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition
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Chapter 61
Economic Development Alliances
A collection of manufacturers, suppliers and customers, usually (but not necessarily) in a high-tech or knowledge-based industry. Clusters, via their proximity economies, engender the exchange of knowledge and skills that make alliances possible. At a certain critical mass, clusters generate their own growth and make further economic development of their region self-sustaining.
Published in Chapter: Economic Development Alliances; From: Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations
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Chapter 19
Geospatial and Spatio-Temporal Analysis in Health Research: GIS in Health
A disease cluster is the occurrence of a greater than the expected number of cases of a particular disease or health outcome within a group of individuals, a geographically defined area or a period of time.
Published in Chapter: Geospatial and Spatio-Temporal Analysis in Health Research: GIS in Health; From: Handbook of Research on Geographic Information Systems Applications and Advancements
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Chapter 36
Collaborative Working in an ISP Environment
A collaborative group of interdependent entities functioning as a single virtual business enterprise.
Published in Chapter: Collaborative Working in an ISP Environment; From: Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations
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Chapter 135
Multimedia Representation
The group of content-similar multimedia objects.
Published in Chapter: Multimedia Representation; From: Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition
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Chapter 8
User Driven Query Framework of Social Networks for Geo-Temporal Analysis of Events of Interest
It identifies a set of items sharing some common properties and identified based on an unsupervised algorithm; also known as: group, container.
Published in Chapter: User Driven Query Framework of Social Networks for Geo-Temporal Analysis of Events of Interest; From: Handbook of Research on Innovative Database Query Processing Techniques
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Chapter 8
Integrated Digital Models for the Representation and Diagnosis in Existing Buildings: The Clust-ER BUILD Project for the Value Chain Innovation
Partnership with a high density of research-oriented and innovation-oriented organizations and companies.
Published in Chapter: Integrated Digital Models for the Representation and Diagnosis in Existing Buildings: The Clust-ER BUILD Project for the Value Chain Innovation; From: Impact of Industry 4.0 on Architecture and Cultural Heritage
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Chapter 22
Improving Energy-Efficiency of Computational Grids via Scheduling
Also known as “computational clusters”, which represents a supercomputing platform with homogeneous configurations, e.g. identical processors and networks, etc.; similar to “homogeneous clusters”; associated in the manuscript with “cluster computing” and “heterogeneous clusters”.
Published in Chapter: Improving Energy-Efficiency of Computational Grids via Scheduling; From: Handbook of Research on P2P and Grid Systems for Service-Oriented Computing: Models, Methodologies and Applications
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Chapter 42
Clustering Techniques for Revealing Gene Expression Patterns
Natural subgroup of a population, used for statistical sampling or analysis.
Published in Chapter: Clustering Techniques for Revealing Gene Expression Patterns; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 39
Building Gene Networks by Analyzing Gene Expression Profiles
Natural subgroup of a population, used for statistical sampling or analysis.
Published in Chapter: Building Gene Networks by Analyzing Gene Expression Profiles; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition
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Chapter 177
Neural Network-Based Process Analysis in Sport
A collection of neurons is called a cluster, if they are similar and locally neighboured. Due to the topology preserving property of KfM-training classes of similar training vectors are mapped to clusters of neighboured neurons.
Published in Chapter: Neural Network-Based Process Analysis in Sport; From: Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence
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Chapter 11
Smart MM: Smart Movie Management System
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Chapter 179
Neural Networks and HOS for Power Quality Evaluation
A set of incidences relative to the characteristics associated to some signals, which have been previously analyzed.
Published in Chapter: Neural Networks and HOS for Power Quality Evaluation; From: Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence
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