What is Constructivism

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Pedagogic theory that builds on the ideas of Jean Piaget (1896–1980), John Dewey (1859–1952), and Lev Semenovich Vygotsky (1896–1934). This pedagogy emphasis that learning is a social activity and therefore should be facilitated via a continuous interaction of learner with teacher. The emphasis of learning is to learn problem solving skills in relation to real life (Shepard, 2000). Learn more in: Scholarly Collaboration Across Time Zones

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It is the confluence of cognitivism and social aspects of learning. The constructivists emphasize the role of conversation in learning apart from knowing how the mind works or processes the information. Learn more in: An Evaluative Framework for the Most Suitable Theory of Mobile Learning

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A philosophy of teaching and learning advocating learner-centred approaches. The learner is an active participant in the construction of knowledge. The instructor acts as a facilitator and guide. Learn more in: Blended Learning Primer

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A dominant paradigm, model, or approach in the field of education. Learn more in: Implementation of Games in Primary School Social Studies Lessons

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According to this theory learning takes place through a process of active construction, culturally anchored and socially negotiated. Key elements of constructivism are Piaget’s developmental theory, the importance of language, and Vygotskij’s theory of social context, as well as the influence of activism in learning. Learn more in: Succeeding Together: Cooperative Learning in an At-Risk School

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A learning theory that posits individual construction of meaning through active interaction with the environment or stimuli. Constructivism acknowledges multiple perspectives and contextualized knowledge, and places the learner center in the process with the teacher as coach. Learn more in: Technology-Enhanced Information Literacy in Adult Education

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A learning theory and approach to education emphasizing ways that people create meaning of their world through a series of experiences and constructs ( Dickey, 2011 ). Learn more in: Second Life: Simplifying and Enhancing the Processes of Teaching and Learning

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A philosophy for teaching and learning based on the notion of individuals generating their own understanding of the world in “their own way.” Constructivist theories of learning espouse learner-centred approaches that actively engage the learner in order to facilitate meaningful learning. Key theorists include Piaget and Bruner. Learn more in: Pedagogical Perspectives on M-Learning

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Here processes of ITC/e-HRM design are non-linear and tend to be driven by the way people see or make (“construct”) their view and make sense of the work setting. Learn more in: Challenges of Simulation in Management Development

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A philosophy of teaching and learning advocating learner-centered approaches. The learner is an active participant in the construction of knowledge. The instructor acts as a facilitator and guide. Learn more in: The Role of Librarians in Blended Courses

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Theory defending that students learn by constructing their own knowledge. It emphasizes that the context in which an idea is presented, as well as student attitude and behavior, affects learning. Students learn by incorporating new information into what they already know. Learn more in: A Virtual Laboratory of Mathematics Education

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A learning theory that suggests that individual learner actively constructs new knowledge pursuant to his/her existing knowledge. Learn more in: Chemistry Learning Through Designing Digital Games

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A theory of knowledge and learning promoted by John Dewey, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and others which posits that meaning is co-constructed between teachers and learners. Constructivism encourages collaboration and learning by doing. Learn more in: Dialogism in the Digital Age: Online Discussion Boards as Constructivist Platforms

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Constructivism both an epistomological view and an instructional method. A core notion of constructivism is that individuals live in the world of their subjective experiences—a world where they construct their own meanings. Learn more in: E-Social Constructivism and Collaborative E-Learning

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The educational theory that learning occurs when new knowledge acquired when new information is associated with or reconciled to the individuals existing knowledge. Learn more in: Using Simulation in Radiographic Science Education

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A student-centered learning theory that entails students building upon or constructing new knowledge based on prior experiences. Students learn by doing rather than gathering information from an external source. Learn more in: Personalized Learning

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Constructing one’s own knowledge from one’s own experiences Learn more in: Successful Strategies in the Online Learning Environment Based on Theories, Styles, and Characteristics

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A learning theory supporting the view that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Learn more in: Teaching Natural Sciences to Kindergarten Students Using Tablets: Results From a Pilot Project

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A pedagogy that underlies an approach to teaching and learning based on the belief that students learn in a social environment with and from one another and that the role of the teacher is to facilitate the learning process while embracing the roles of both teacher as facilitator and as a fellow member of the learning community. Learn more in: A Call for Teacher Preparation Programs to Model Technology Integration into the Instructional Process

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A theory of learning that views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge. It is based on the premise that learning involves constructing one’s own knowledge from one’s own experiences. Learn more in: A Social Web Perspective of Software Engineering Education

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Meaningful learning that allows students to construct knowledge and from these experiences connect to new understandings of the world around them; provides context to their learning. Learn more in: Mobile Technologies for Making Meaning in Education: Using Augmented Reality to Connect Learning

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A psychological paradigm that views learning as an active process of building on prior knowledge and experience. Learn more in: Assessment of Learning and Technology: Computer Science Education

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Learning epistemology where knowledge is created through interaction between their experiences and ideas (or content). Learn more in: Reaching “Creating” in Bloom's Taxonomy: The Merging of Heutagogy and Technology in Online Learning

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Learning theory that states that learners construct new knowledge as they interact with their environment. Learn more in: Course Management Meets Social Networking in Moodle

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A genetic epistemological theory of learning developed by Jean Piaget, which states that knowledge is constructed in continuous and incremental ways through processes of assimilation and accommodation. Knowledge, therefore, cannot be transmitted. It is constructed by learners through their personal experiences. Educators who use this theory to underline their work are called constructivists. Learn more in: Making Success: Researching a School District's Integration of the Maker Movement Into Its Middle and High School

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Is a type of learning theory that explains human learning as an active attempt to construct meaning in the world; learners ultimately construct their own knowledge for meaning. Learn more in: Constructivist Internet-Blended Learning and Resiliency in Higher Education

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Constructivism is an philosophical approach that assumes the independence of the person as an observer of the environment they are in, while recognizing that the knowledge they gain is built through an active, culturally situated, and socially negotiated, process that is dependent on the involvement of others in their learning process. Learn more in: From Broadcasting to Transforming: The Social Construction of Knowledge for Understanding Lawfulness

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A learning theory that views the learner as an active participant in the learning process as prior knowledge is incorporated into new understanding. Learn more in: CTE Distance E-Learning Application: A Learner-Centered Approach

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Constructivism is a philosophical learning theory of education. Learners’ knowledge and experiences are determined by learners’ social and cultural environment. Learning occurs by learners constructing knowledge out of experiences. Therefore, learning is an active and constructive process. Learn more in: New Technologies Shaping Learning?: AR Learning Experiences and Integration Model

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A form of learning in which students construct their own unique understanding of a subject through a process that includes social interaction, so that the learner can explain understandings, receive feedback from teachers and other students, clarify meanings, and reach a group consensus. Learn more in: Quality Assurance Issues for Online Universities

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An epistemology that suggests that the physical world contains no meaning per se ; rather individuals and cultures impose meaning on the world. Learn more in: Breaking Away: How Virtual Worlds Impact Pedagogical Practices

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Formalization of the theory of constructivism is generally attributed to Jean Piaget, who articulated mechanisms by which knowledge is internalized by learners. He suggested that through processes of accommodation and assimilation, individuals construct new knowledge from their experiences. Assimilation occurs when individuals’ experiences are aligned with their internal representation of the world. They assimilate the new experience into an already existing framework. Accommodation is the process of reframing one’s mental representation of the external world to fit new experiences. Accommodation can be understood as the mechanism by which failure leads to learning. In fact, there are many pedagogies that leverage constructivist theory. Most approaches that have grown from constructivism suggest that learning is accomplished best using a hands-on approach. Learners learn by experimentation, and not by being told what will happen. They are left to make their own inferences, discoveries and conclusions. It also emphasizes that learning is not an “all or nothing” process but that students learn the new information that is presented to them by building upon knowledge that they already possess. It is therefore important that teachers constantly assess the knowledge their students have gained to make sure that the students perceptions of the new knowledge are what the teacher had intended. Teachers will find that since the students build upon already existing knowledge, when they are called upon to retrieve the new information, they may make errors. It is known as reconstruction error when we fill in the gaps of our understanding with logical, though incorrect, thoughts. Teachers need to catch and try to correct these errors, though it is inevitable that some reconstruction error will continue to occur because of our innate retrieval limitations. Learn more in: Children and Computers

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An approach in which students share responsibility for their learning while negotiating meaning through active participation in the co-creation of shared understanding within the learning context. Learn more in: Constructivism as the Driver of 21st Century Online Distance Education

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A learning theory that suggests individuals create their own knowledge when encountering something new. Knowledge is therefore temporary, individually constructed, and socially reconciled. Learn more in: Group Collaboration in Education

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Epistemological theory according to which individuals construct knowledge through active experience. It emphasizes that knowledge is a social product, historically and culturally situated, and which is negotiated, constructed and learned by the members of a community. Learn more in: The Wireless Revolution and Schools

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A theory that suggests students build on knowledge (schema) that they already know or understand. Within a constructivist learning environment, students are actively engaged in the learning process rather than passively listening to acquire knowledge. Students are challenged to build on existing knowledge and gain new and more complex knowledge. Learn more in: Emphasizing Diversity through 3D Multi-User Virtual Worlds

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A paradigm of teaching and learning that involves how humans generate knowledge and meaning from an interaction between their experiences and their ideas. Learn more in: Advancing Personal Learning and Transdisciplinarity for Developing Identity and Community

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A type of learning theory that views human learning as an active effort to construct meaning in the world around us. Constructivists believe that actual learning takes place through accommodation, which occurs when students allow new information to change their existing ideas or knowledge. Learn more in: Benefits and Challenges of Collaborative Learning in Online Teacher Education

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A school of thought that sees knowledge as layered and built rather than transferred or acquired. Learn more in: Learning Together: Confucius and Freire Collaborate to Redefine a Community of Learning

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An epistemological theory that maintains that all knowledge is actively constructed by humans and as such has no independent objective reality Learn more in: Pedagogy Reconsidered in a Multimodal Blended Environment

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Researchers who use this way of understanding the world “develop subjective meanings of their experiences—meanings directed toward certain objects or things. These meanings are varied and multiple, leading the researcher to look for the complexity of views rather than narrow the meanings into a few categories or ideas. The goal of research, then, is to rely as much as possible on the participants’ views of the situation” (Creswell, 2007, p. 20). Learn more in: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods as Complementary Assessment Tools

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Is at the same time a theory of knowledge, a theory of learning and an educational methodology. It is, therefore, an ample space for debate and controversy. In our context a constructivist approach to knowledge means that we ourselves build an interpretation of the reality surrounding us, through experience. Rather than a knowledge transfer from source to sink, we gain knowledge by an active engagement in its construction, by giving to and taking from others. Learn more in: E-Knowledge

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A type of learning theory that explains human learning as an active attempt to construct meaning in the world around us. Constructivists believe that learning is more active and self-directed than either behaviorism or cognitive theory would postulate. Learn more in: Moodle: A Platform for a School

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This refers to the process whereby perceptual experience is constructed from, rather than being a direct response to the stimulus. This approach to teaching and learning is based on a combination of a subset of research within cognitive psychology and a subset of research within social psychology, just as behavior modification techniques are based on operant conditioning theory within behavioral psychology. The basic premise is that an individual learner must actively “build” knowledge and skills and that information exists within these built constructs rather than in the external environment. Learn more in: Distance Learning Specialists

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Knowledge is constructed by the learner through experiential learning and interactions with the environment and the learner’s personal workspace. Learn more in: Designing Effective Computer-Based Learning Materials

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A psychological theory of knowledge (epistemology) which argues that humans construct knowledge and meaning from their own experiences. Learn more in: A CoP for Research Activities in Universities

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A theory and philosophy put forth by Jean Piaget that reasoned children construct their knowledge through personal experience. Learn more in: Solving the Creativity Crisis: The Critical Need for Professional Development in Maker-Centered Teaching

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Learning which takes place when knowledge is built through an active process and contextual observances of their experiences and of the world, allowing for the learner to build their own understanding rather than acquiring it through lecture or memorization. Learn more in: Inverted Constructivism to Leverage Mobile-Technology-Based Active Learning

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A learning theory that posits people construct knowledge by modifying their existing concepts in light of new evidence and experience. Development of knowledge is unique for each learner and is colored by the learner’s background and experiences. Learn more in: Addressing the E-Learning Contradiction

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Constructing one’s own knowledge from one’s own experiences. Learn more in: Defining Quality Standards, Guidelines, and Strategies for the Delivery of Successful Online Education in a Changing Society

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A learning theory that knowledge is constructed by the learner through experience-based activities. Learn more in: Constructing Technology Integrated Activities that Engage Elementary Students in Learning

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Constructivism is a philosophical position that views knowledge as the outcome of experience mediated by one’s own prior knowledge and the experience of others. In contrast to objectivism (e.g. Ayn Rand, 1957 ) which embraces a static reality that is independent of human cognition, constructivism (e.g. Immanuel Kant, 1781/1787 AU34: The in-text citation "Immanuel Kant, 1781/1787" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ) holds that the only reality we can know is that which is represented by human thought. Each new conception of the world is mediated by prior-constructed realities that we take for granted. Human cognitive development is a continually adaptive process of assimilation, accommodation, and correction ( Piaget, 1968 ). Social constructivists (e.g. Berger and Luckmann, 1966 AU35: The in-text citation "Berger and Luckmann, 1966" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ) suggest that it is through the social process that reality takes on meaning and that our lives are formed and reformed through the dialectical process of socialization. A similar dialectical relationship informs our understanding of science (e.g. Bloor, 1976 ), and it shapes the technical artifacts that we invent and continually adapt to our changing realities (e.g. Bijker, 1995 ). Humans are shaped by their interactions with machines just as machines evolve and change in response to their use by humans. ( Lemke, 1993 ). Learn more in: The Cyborg and the Noble Savage: Ethics in the War on Information Poverty

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Educational theory concentrated on assisting students in constructing meaning through experiential and self-directed means. Learn more in: Educational Technology and Learning Theory

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A learning theory that stresses that knowledge is constructed by the learner. Learn more in: Computer Games and Language Learning

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Is a perspective that considers knowledge as a “construction” according to the particular experiences, ideas, and bias of the learner. Thus knowledge is not granted any external “transcendent” reality, that is, it is not integral, but rather is premised on conventional acceptance perception, assumption, and social experience. It is also a widely held pedagogic theory espoused by many respected researchers and practitioners such as John Dewey, Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, Herbert Simon, and so forth. Learn more in: Immersive Learning Theory: As a Design Tool in Creating Purpose-Built Learning Environments

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Constructivism is an epistemology founded on the premise that by reflecting on our own experiences, we construct our understanding of the world that we live in Learn more in: Trainees' Views Regarding Emphasis and Adequacy for Work of Institution-Based Automotive Training in Kenya and State of Victoria, Australia

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A learning theory that postulates that learning is effective when learners are actively engaged in collaborative process where they construct new knowledge by interacting with the learning environment and linking new information to previous knowledge, experiences and ideas Learn more in: Using the WebQuest Approach to Elicit Student Engagement in a University Course: A Case Study

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It places its emphasis on the internal process of the learner’s mind. Constructivist instructors have the notion that instructional objectives are not to be imposed on the learner but negotiated with the learner, and evaluation is more of a self-analysis tool. This philosophy is more akin to humanism. Learn more in: Conventional Online Teaching vs. Andragogical Online Teaching

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A learning theory and approach to education emphasizing ways that people create meaning of their world through a series of experiences and constructs Learn more in: Creating an Integrated Second Life Curriculum: Teaching and Learning through Interdisciplinary Pedagogies

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A theory of learning that asserts that learning results from the learner actively interacting with their learning environment rather than passively receiving information. Learn more in: Enhanced Instructional Presentations and Field-Webs

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The construction of knowledge through involvement or engagement in experiences. Constructivism is the desired outcome of inquiry-based instruction. Learn more in: Immersing Future Middle-Level Science Educators in a Blended Learning Environment

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An approach to teaching that embraces the fact that students learn by actively participating in constructing their own knowledge. Learn more in: Individual Differences, Learning Opportunities and Learning Outcomes, Digital Equity: Bridging the Gap – Creating Learning Opportunities for All Students

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Philosophical belief about knowledge acquisition or construction. Learn more in: Digital Gamified Curriculum and Open-Structured Syllabus in Second-Language Teaching

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A theory of learning that views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge. It is based on the premise that learning involves constructing one’s own knowledge from one’s own experiences. Learn more in: Using the Social Web for Collaboration in Software Engineering Education

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A learning theory that focuses on learning as a cognitive process, in which knowledge is expanded on the basis of learners interactively using their prior knowledge and new information in order to generate new knowledge. Learn more in: Output-Oriented Language Learning With Digital Media

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People actively construct new knowledge as they interact with their environments. Learn more in: Context-Free Educational Games: Open-Source and Flexible

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Constructivism is a learning theory claiming that individuals construct their knowledge and understandings through experiencing things. Learn more in: Factors That Enable or Hinder the Implementation of Game Development Activity in Learning Environments

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The belief that “learning is a process of constructing meaning; it is how people make sense of their experience” (Merriam et al., 2007, p. 291). Learn more in: Strategic Leadership in Times of Crisis

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An approach to learning where student is required to construct or develop meaning. Typically, students work with tools and/or open end problems. One could also think of this philosophy as learning by doing or student-centered learning. Learn more in: The Role of Learning Objects in Distance Learning

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Constructing new knowledge based on prior knowledge and current experience. Learn more in: Asynchronous Electronic Feedback for Faculty Peer Review: Formative Feedback That Makes a Difference

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An approach in which students share responsibility for their learning while negotiating meaning through active participation in the co-creation of shared understanding within the learning context. Learn more in: Constructivism in Online Distance Education

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A blanket term used to describe a set of diverse ideas related to how people come to knowledge. Learn more in: Constructivism in Education: Interpretations and Criticisms from Science Education

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The process whereby perceptual experience is constructed from, rather than being a direct response to, the stimulus. Learn more in: The Theory and Practice of Teaching in Today's Colleges and Universities

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The family of educational theories that conceptualize learning as an active process undertaken by the learner. Learn more in: Tools to Mediate Learning and Self-Assessment in a STEAM Unit of Work

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A theory of how people learn that is often applied to adult learning. It posits that people construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences and self-reflection. Learn more in: Promoting Reflective Thinking in Adult Learners: The Online Case-Based Discussion

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A learning theory based on the principle that students construct knowledge individually rather than receiving it passively from others Learn more in: Dispatches from the Graduate Classroom: Bringing Theory and Practice to E-Learning

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A learning theory and approach to education emphasizing ways that people create meaning of their world through a series of experiences and constructs. Learn more in: Teaching and Learning Through Interdisciplinary Pedagogies in a Second Life Environment: Focus on Integration and Assessment

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A theory of learning that recognizes that knowledge is not passively received, but actively constructed, by the learner. Learn more in: Engaging Mathematically in Synchronous Platforms: Examples and Insights

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Constructivism (learning theory) holds that knowledge is not transmitted unchanged from teacher to student, but instead that learning is an active process of recreating knowledge. Learn more in: Interaction in Cooperative Learning

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philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Learn more in: Key Capabilities, Components, and Evolutionary Trends in Corporate E-Learning Systems

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An educational theory or school of learning, based on the idea that knowledge is constructed by the learner based on mental activity. Learners create a mental image of how the world operates and they adapt and transform their understanding using their earlier knowledge. Learn more in: Robots in Education

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A learning theory which says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Learn more in: Integration of Multiple Web 2.0 Tools and Student Task Completion in Two Educational Technology Classes

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No single predominant objective reality of leader or follower within a business school. Learn more in: Leadership and Followership in Post-1992 University Business Schools in England

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A dominant paradigm, model, or approach in the field of education. Learn more in: Constructivist Approach for Creating a Non-Violent School Climate

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A philosophical theory that defines reality based experiences and individual interpretations of those experiences to construct reality. In education, constructivism is the concept that requires reflection and connection to a larger reality to be effectively adopted by the learner. Learn more in: Webquest: Learning Through Discovery

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A learning theory which argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from their experiences. Although not a specific pedagogy, is the underlying theme of many education reform movements. Learn more in: Three Cases of Unconventional Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling

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A theory leading to the teaching methods in which learners construct meaning through process-oriented experience. Learn more in: Planning Curriculum for Teaching Thinking Skills Needed for 21st Century Education

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Pedagogical approach that holds that knowledge is a product of the active construction of a subject through the individual interacting in a given situation. Learn more in: Technology of Education and Music Teaching: New Responses to Old Issues

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Constructivism is a learning theory with an emphasis on construction of knowledge by students using experience as the primary catalyst of knowledge construction. Learn more in: Achieving Classroom Excellence in a Virtual Classroom

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An epistemology (i.e., what it means to know) that accepts that knowledge of and about the world is a personal construction; views learning as an active process where individuals construct their own knowledge through meaningful interactions with the world. Learn more in: Children as Critics of Educational Computer Games Designed by Other Children

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a philosophical framework or theory of learning which argues humans construct meaning from current knowledge structures Learn more in: Concept Maps and Conceptual Change in Physics

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Theory of knowledge which suggest that the learner has to make sense of new material based on his or her prior knowledge. Learn more in: Web 2.0 Technologies and Science Education

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A perspective on learning that places emphasis on the learners as being mentally active, building their own internal and individual representation of knowledge. Knowledge is actively constructed in response to interactions with environmental stimuli. Learning as self-directed. Learn more in: Strategies for Next Generation Networks Architectures

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Constructivism is a set of assumptions about learning that guide many learning theories and associated teaching methods. This is a theory concerned with learning and knowledge, which suggests that human beings are active learners who construct their knowledge from personal experiences and on their efforts to give meaning to these experiences. Learn more in: Active Learning and Its Implementation for Teaching

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An approach to learning that holds people actively construct or make their own knowledge and that reality is determined by the experiences of the learner. Learn more in: Understanding Culturally Responsive Play Through Drama-Based Pedagogy

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A learning theory that posits people construct knowledge by modifying their existing concepts in light of new evidence and experience. Development of knowledge is unique for each learner and is colored by the learner’s background and experiences. Learn more in: Designing Online Mental Training Using WebExcellence

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A philosophical, epistemological, and pedagogical approach to learning, where learning is viewed as an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so. Learn more in: From E-Learning to Games-Based E-Learning

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Educational theory that emphasizes hands-on, activity-based teaching and learning during which learners develop their own frames of thought. Learn more in: Constructivism, Technology, and Meaningful Learning

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Theory of learning formulated by Jean Piaget that holds learners form new knowledge based on experience with external constraints and existing internal knowledge.y Learn more in: The Professional Learning Model (PLM™)

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Related to student-centric instructional practices that include active learning strategies. Learn more in: Barriers to a STEM Career: Math Anxiety and the Adult Female

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A pedagogical approach in which students construct their own knowledge in student-centered (as opposed to teacher-driven) classrooms. Learn more in: Team-Based Learning in Introductory Translation Courses

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According to the constructivist view of learning, students do not passively absorb information, but rather, meaningful learning occurs through an active construction and modification of their knowledge structures. When students are learning they use their existing knowledge, beliefs, interests, and goals to interpret any new information, and this may result in their ideas becoming modified or revised. There are two main constructivist schools: (a) cognitive constructivism, which emphasizes on the personal construction of knowledge; (b) social constructivism, which emphasizes on knowledge construction in particular social and cultural contexts. In both cases, the emphasis is on interactive environments where students are given opportunities to negotiate their ideas and meanings. According to this view, teachers have a central role in providing guidance and support to their students (scaffolding). Learn more in: Computer Simulations and Scientific Knowledge Construction

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Knowledge is constructed by the learner through experiential learning and interactions with the environment and the learner’s personal workspace. Learn more in: Designing Instruction for Successful Online Learning

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An approach in which students share responsibility for their learning while negotiating meaning through active participation in the co-creation of shared understanding within the learning context. Learn more in: Online Learning Propelled by Constructivism

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A pedagogy that underlies an approach to teaching and learning based on the belief that students learn in a social environment with and from one another and that the role of the teacher is to facilitate the learning process while embracing the roles of both teacher as facilitator and as a fellow member of the learning community. Learn more in: Teacher Preparation Programs and Learner-Centered, Technology-Integrated Instruction

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Learning theory that conceives of knowledge as the result of mental construction processes performed by individuals, but also accentuates the importance of social learning situations. Learn more in: Informal Communication in Virtual Learning Environments

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A learning theory placing the individual at the center of the learning experience. The learner is an active agent in the construction of their own knowledge. The teacher facilitates the knowledge construction process through the provision of opportunities. Learn more in: Practice Perspectives on Learning Analytics in Higher Education

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Ontological position that assumes that social phenomena and their meanings are constructed by social actors. Learn more in: Post-Hofstedean Approaches to Culture

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Jean Piaget (1896–1980) is credited with the development of this theory whereby learners construct new knowledge from their experiences through processes of accommodation and assimilation. Constructivism describes how learning should happen, and it is often associated with “learning by doing.” Learn more in: Creating Supportive Environments for CALL Teacher Autonomy

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A theory that implies people construct their own knowledge by interacting with their own unique socio-cultural environment. Learn more in: “Let Me Show You”: An Application of Digital Storytelling for Reflective Assessment in Study Abroad Programs

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This is the concept that students actively construct their learning based on prior knowledge. Learn more in: Differentiated Instruction and Technology

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Knowledge that is constructed socioculturally through interactions between individuals and the world in which they live. Learn more in: Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding Online

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Constructivism learning principles focus on the learner and what he or she brings to the educational experience, as well as how the knowledge framework changes as a result of new learning. Constructivist learning principles require the teacher/instructor to focus on the learner, prior knowledge, and facilitation of active learning. Learn more in: Just-in-Time Training (JITT) and its Implications for Teaching and Learning

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Theory of learning whereby learners construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world. Learn more in: MAKESHOP

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Is basically a theory based on observation and scientific study about how people learn. It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Learn more in: Interface Design

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A theory of learning that views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge. That is, learning involves constructing one’s own knowledge from one’s own experiences. Learn more in: Software Engineering Education

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It is one of the two major epistemological beliefs in learning and educational research: The constructivist perspective describes learning as a change in meaning constructed from experience (Newby et al., 1996). Constructivists believe that “knowledge and truth are constructed by people and do not exist outside the human mind” (Duffy & Jonassen, 1991). This is radically different from what objectivism, which is the other dominant epistemological belief, conceives learning to be Learn more in: Interaction with MMOGs and Implications for E-Learning Design

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Psychological and philosophical perspective based on hypothesis and research by Piaget and Vygotsky contending that individuals work or construct significant parts of what they understand and learn, by meditating on their personal experiences and previous knowledge. Learn more in: Augmented Reality in Informal Learning Environments: A Music History Exhibition

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This theory says that knowledge comes through an individual’s internalization of events that happen in the outside world. Constructing knowledge is the learners’ attempt to make sense out of their world by interacting with it. Learners are not “empty vessels to be filled” but rather take an active part in the learning process (Driscoll, 2000, p.376). Learn more in: Creating Supportive Multimedia Learning Environments

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The idea that knowledge is actively constructed in the mind of the learner as new information is assimilated into existing mental frameworks, or as those systems are adapted to accommodate the new information. Learn more in: Transforming Chemistry Curricula and Courses to Support Adult Learners

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Is a paradigm that holds that one’s learning is a dynamic process in which the learner herself is intimately involved in creating knowledge at the individual personal level. Learn more in: Interactive Digital Instruction: Pedagogy of the 21st Century Classroom

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A pedagogy emphasizing student-centered learning, the autonomy of learners and peer interactions. Learn more in: Internet-Based Peer Assessment in High School Settings

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A theory about learning which centers on the learner’s development of knowledge and mental structures as he/she questions, generates new ideas, tests and defends concepts, and discusses them in a community of learners which further engenders more thinking. Learn more in: Impact of E-Learning on Adult Education: A Changing Postmodern Approach

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It emphasizes the student as being the “active learner,” playing a central role in mediating and managing learning activities. Instruction is a process of supporting knowledge construction, rather than communicating knowledge. Learn more in: Risk and Benefit of Effective Techniques and Technologies in Education: A Historical Overview

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An educational philosophy that views learning as constructed by students through experience, practice, and interaction ( Duckworth, 1987 ). Learn more in: Critical Thinking and Character

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A perspective on learning that emphasizes learners’ active engagement and adaptation to construct new knowledge through educational learning experiences. Learn more in: Learning Management Technology and Preservice Teachers

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An educational theory arguing that students construct their own knowledge on the domain, rather than acquiring certain behaviors on how to interact with it. Learn more in: Heuristically Evaluating Web-Based ODL

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A learning theory and approach to education emphasizing ways that people create meaning of their world through a series of experiences and constructs. Learn more in: Learning in Second Life: Developmental Theory of Avatar Growth and Change

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Constructivism is a learning theory based on one expanding his knowledge of the world through active exploration, previous knowledge, and reflection. Learn more in: The Impact of Technology on PK-12 Teacher Preparation Programs

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Constructivism is a theory of knowledge that argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from an interaction between their experiences and their ideas. The process of knowledge construction is subjective activity, anchored to the context through collaboration and social negotiation. Learn more in: Expanding the Boundaries of Learning: The Role of Vocational Orientation

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An instructional method whereby the curriculum is designed by use kinesthetic approach to learning. Learn more in: Using Postmodernism to Effectively Teach in Diverse Settings

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The concept of “construction” implies transformative “working” on knowledge; an active and reactive task of acquiring, processing and producing knowledge which puts the learner in a key position in the learning process—in other words aware of how the process itself works; capable of managing, proposing, and being creative. In the technological field the constructivist viewpoint is particularly effective precisely because of its interpretative multiplicity, which lends itself to a reconsideration of the learner as designer, metareflective thinker and community member—leading to an integrated vision of learning environments design. Learn more in: E-Learning is What Kind of Learning?

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Even though there is no single constructivist theory, constructivism mainly contends that learners, through interacting with their social world, actively construct, test and refine knowledge. Learn more in: Collaborative Learning: Leveraging Concept Mapping and Cognitive Flexibility Theory

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A theory of learning and knowing that holds that learning is an active process of knowledge construction in which learners build on prior knowledge and experience to shape meaning and construct new knowledge. Learn more in: Participatory Learning Approach

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The basic premise of constructivism is that an individual must actively “build” knowledge and that information exists within these built constructs rather than in the external environment. All advocates of constructivism agree that it is the individual’s processing of stimuli from the environment and the resulting cognitive structures that prompt adaptive behaviour. Learn more in: Understanding Sense-Making

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A learning theory based on the premise that students construct their own learning based on their own experiences. Learn more in: The Beam Analysis Tool (BAT)

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The construction of knowledge through involvement or engagement in experiences. Learn more in: Constructing Meaning and Engaging Learners Through Digital Tools and Practices Within the Middle Level Science Classroom

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A learning theory that suggests humans construct knowledge and meaning through interaction with each other. Learn more in: “Nobody Really Does the Reading”: Rethinking Reading Accountability Using Technology Tools

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A perspective on learning that emphasizes learners’ active engagement and adaptation to construct new knowledge through educational learning experiences. Learn more in: Technology Integration in a Southern Inner-City School

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A theory of learning based on the idea that knowledge is constructed as learners attempt to make sense of their experiences. It is assumed that learners are not empty vessels waiting to be filled, but rather active organisms seeking meaning: regardless of what is being learned, learners form, elaborate, and test candidate mental structures until a satisfactory one emerges. Learn more in: Conceiving a Learning Organization Model in Online Education

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A very prominent learning theory, which postulates that learning is a process essentially involving activity and involvement through which learners construct their own knowledge and skills. This naturally seems to imply that overhearers cannot learn from a learning dialogue. The theory of vicarious learning does not reject constructivism, but suggests that activity and involvement can arise cognitively through phenomena of empathy, and hence that “vicarious participation” in dialogue can also foster constructive processes. Learn more in: Vicarious Learning

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The learning process which allows a student to experience an environment first-hand, thereby, giving the student reliable, trust-worthy knowledge. The student is required to act upon the environment to both acquire and test new knowledge (Glaserfeld, 1989 AU16: The in-text citation "Glaserfeld, 1989" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ). Learn more in: Advancing Active Learning with Adult Learners