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What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Chapter 4
Examining the Causal Relationship Between Genes, Epigenetics, and Human Health
A type of nucleic acid that contains an organism’s hereditary information; composed of adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine bases.
Published in Chapter:
Cell Division: The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis
Copyright: © 2019 |Pages: 22
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8066-9.ch004
Abstract
Cells divide for three main reasons: growth and development, replace worn-out or injured cells, and reproduction of offspring. Cell division is part of the cell cycle divided into five distinct phases. The diploid state of the cell is the normal chromosomal number in species. During sexual reproduction, the cell's chromosome number is reduced to a haploid state to ensure constancy in chromosome number and thus continuation of the species. The process of cell division is controlled by regulatory proteins. Mitosis occurs in all body cells and is divided into four phases. Meiosis, which occurs in only the germ cells involved in reproduction, divides the chromosomes in two rounds termed meiosis I and meiosis II (reduction division). The human lifecycle starts with gametogenesis, the process that forms gametes which then combine to form a zygote. The zygote quickly becomes an embryo and develops rapidly into a foetus. This chapter explores cell division.
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Chapter 42
Clustering Techniques for Revealing Gene Expression Patterns
A nucleic acid that contains the genetic information necessary to the biosynthesis of RNA and protein molecules essential for the development and proper functioning of most living organisms. The order in the sequential arrangement of the nucleotides A, T, C, G represents the genetic information, which is translated with the genetic code in the corresponding amino acids.
Published in Chapter: Clustering Techniques for Revealing Gene Expression Patterns; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 550
Mapping the Chromosome through a Novel Use of GIS and Spatial Analysis
The building block of the gene. It consists of nucleotides, combinations of four molecules linearly arranged in varying order: cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine. Their order serves as code for the building and maintenance of living cells. DNA is arranged in a double strand called a double-helix, in which the nucleotides on one strand are the complement of those on the other ---adenine pairs with thymine, cytosine with guanine. These pairs are arranged with bases, sugars and phosphates to form a double helix which can be subsequently unbound to serve as a pattern for reproducing the code.
Published in Chapter: Mapping the Chromosome through a Novel Use of GIS and Spatial Analysis; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 17
Recent Advances on Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Treatment, and Prevention of COVID-19
A molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that twist together to create a double helix and carry the genetic instructions for all known organisms and viruses’ formation, function, growth, and reproduction.
Published in Chapter: Recent Advances on Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Treatment, and Prevention of COVID-19; From: Handbook of Research on Green Synthesis and Applications of Nanomaterials
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