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What is Direct and Indirect Speech

Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition
are communications terms that differentiate a statement that describes exactly what is intended by the speaker vs. providing related statements with the understanding that other humans can infer the intentions of the speaker. For example, if a person walks into a room and states “it is hot in here”, in a real life situation this could mean many different possibilities. First, it could mean that the actual temperature in the room is hot. Second, it could mean that the speaker was talking about the mood of the people in the room. Finally, it could also mean that the speaker would like to change the setting on the thermostat.
Published in Chapter:
Using Intelligent Tutoring Technologies to Enhance Online Learning Environments
Kausalai Kay Wijekumar (The Pennsylvania State University - Beaver, USA)
Copyright: © 2009 |Pages: 6
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch332
Abstract
Online and distance learning environments have changed dramatically over the last 20 years and are now sophisticated interactive learning environments. However, much more improvement is possible, and some of that improvement might come from mining some of the technologies developed as part of intelligent tutoring systems. Intelligent tutoring systems combine the best of human tutoring by capturing one on one tutoring interactions between a teacher and student on all topics for a learning module and converting them to a computerized version. The computerized version is designed to gauge the understanding of the student and adapt the instruction, modeling, hints, interactions, and activities to particular students. The systems are usually designed to assess the student’s learning continuously and scaffold the learning of the student. Ideally, these interactions will mimic human tutoring that has been shown to significantly improve learning beyond large group instruction.
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