What is Direct Discrimination

The chapter provides an analytical framework for the concept of discrimination, that is, the different, unfair treatment of some people based on their actual or perceived membership in certain groups or social categories. Discrimination is referred to in the broader context of stigmatization, as the action-related component of the stigma process. After discussing several definitions of discrimination and outlining its main features, the different forms of discrimination are addressed and exemplified, such as direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, victimization. Also, the most relevant aspects regarding victims of discrimination are discussed, a special focus is given to the negative impact of discrimination on victims in terms of social and economic status, well-being, and health. Besides the threatening effects on individuals and groups, the consequences of discrimination on communities and society as a whole are also outlined. The final part of the chapter deals with the major anti-discrimination strategies that can be undertaken at the macro, mezzo, and microsocial levels.