What is Distance Education

An education program where the students learning experiences are conducted using an electronic platform such as Blackboard, synchronously or asynchronously.

The separation of student and learner in space or time, the use of educational media to unite teacher and learner and carry program content, and the provision of two-way communication between teacher, tutor, educational institution and the learner.

The United States Distance Learning Association (USDLA) defines distance education as: “A generic, all-inclusive term used to refer to the physical separation of teachers and learners. (2) [Distance Education, Distance Learning, Distributed Learning] The application of information technology (and infrastructure) to educational and student-related activities linking teachers and students in differing places. (3) The student and instructor are physically separated by any distance. All communications are mediated by some type of electronic means in real or delayed time. Location is of no significance. (4) The organizational framework and process of providing instruction at a distance. Distance education takes place when a teacher and student(s) are physically separated, and technology (i.e., audio, video, and computers, print) is used to bridge the instructional gap. (5) The organizational framework and process of providing instruction at a distance. Distance education takes place when a teacher and student(s) are physically separated, and technology (i.e., voice, video, data, or print) is used to bridge the instructional gap” ( Simonson, 2008 ).

Education that is blended and/or hybrid, provided remotely for students who cannot be physically at an institution for tuition, thereby offering anytime virtual access to learning.

A mode of delivering education to students situated at a distance or at another location.

Any form of education in which the recipient (learner) is separated at a distance from the instructor.

Distance education offers students the opportunity to have access to formal education at a distance (away from the campus/instructor location). Interaction with the instructor and peers relies on digital technologies.

A mode of educational provision, characterized by the physical separation between the student and the teacher. It can be synchronous where both coexist at the same time in the educational process, or asynchronous when the student defines his own time space and rhythm of study independently of the teacher.

It is a kind of education in which both teachers and students are physically distant from the school.

A broad term referring to formal and planned instruction delivered to students attending at different locations at the same time or at their individual convenience at different times.

The provision of instruction where the teacher and the learner are spatially separated.

A type of education in which ICT tools bring instructors and learners together, who are physically separated from each other during teaching. In other words, it provides an open, distance and flexible education where learners are free from the constraints of the time and place.

Educational frameworks in which the learner is physically separated from the teacher at least at certain stages of the learning process.

The process of extending learning, or delivering instructional resource-sharing opportunities, to locations away from a classroom, building or site, to another classroom, building or site by using video, audio, computer, multimedia communications, or some combination of these with other traditional delivery methods.

Education modality whose main characteristic is the proposal to teach and learn with teachers and students separated in time and/or space, with or without the use of digital technologies.

A form of education in which the main elements include physical separation of teachers and students during instruction and the use of various technologies to facilitate student-teacher and student-student communication.

A formalised teaching and learning system that is offered to students remotely without the use of classrooms or face-to-face interaction with their lecturers. This teaching and learning may involve the use of computer-based or simple textual learning materials.

Time-in/dependent (when necessary) mass education delivered irrespective of location that provides physically distant learners and educators the means to interact through the use of appropriate instructional methods, techniques, and strategies, and which employs various media to deliver planned and structured learning experiences according to students’ individual needs.

Distance education or distance learning is the process of performing the teaching and learning activities in environments where the teacher and the learner are in different physical places and times.

Education in which learners and instructors are separated by time, space, or both.

Distance education refers to instruction that occurs when there is a difference in time, location, or both. There are a variety of distance education delivery systems: correspondence, broadcast, teleconferencing, computers and digital technologies, and the Internet and World Wide Web. Distance education is defined as learning via telecommunications. The term telecommunications embraces a wide variety of media configurations, including radio, telephone, television, and the Internet. The Greek root word “tele” means “at a distance” or “far off.” Heinich, Molenda, Russell, and Smaldino (2002 , p. 268) define distance education as a form of education characterized by Physical separation of learners from the teacher, An organized instructional program, Technological media, and Two-way communication.

It is one of the popular educational approaches of today that enables educational activities to be carried out by removing the limitations related to time and space through various educational methods and techniques.

Distance education can be defined as any form of education in which the teacher and the learner are separated in either time or space. Distance education was formerly called home study, and then correspondence education. Later, distance education was delivered via radio and TV broadcast in different countries. Currently, more distance education is delivered via Internet and computer communications technologies.

“Any formal approach to learning in which a majority of the instruction occurs while educator and learner are at a distance from one another” (Clark, 1983, p.8).

It is one of the popular educational approaches of today that enables educational activities to be carried out by removing the limitations related to time and space through various educational methods and techniques.

Historically, the term distance education was used to refer to systems and strategies that brought education to those who lived at physical distance from the educational institution. Early models of distance education included course packs sent to learners who worked through their materials independently, submitted assignments by mail, and possibly wrote exams at exam centres. Over time, in some institutions, course packs were complemented with video tapes while learners may have also been required to attend teleconferences. With the arrival of online education, distance education evolved dramatically such that there is much greater interaction in the learning experience with synchronous and asynchronous means and the growing sophistication of multimedia applications embedded within online courses. Over the last 10-15 years, online courses which originally served students at a distance from the institution now serve several groups including but not limited to those for whom distance is a factor in their learning lives; those who live within the catchment area of the educational institution but are not able to attend classes because of complex and busy lives; those who prefer online learning because of its convenience and/or a personal learning style preference; undergraduate and graduate students; and adult learners. Canada has extensive history in distance and online education because of its vastness as a country. It also has some excellent scholarship in the field.

An educational system integrated by particular subsystems that enhancelearning and reduces the transactional distance.

Distance education offers students the opportunity to have access to formal education at a distance (away from the campus/instructor location). Interaction with the instructor and peers relies on digital technologies.

A learning environment in which the student and instructor interact asynchronously from their own locations instead of in a traditional classroom setting. Classes in distance education programs often take place via the internet.

Credit-granting education or training courses delivered to remote (off-campus) location(s) via audio, video, or computer technologies, such as the Internet. Includes both synchronous and asynchronous instruction. May include a small amount of on-campus course or lab work, on-campus exams, or occasional campus visits (U.S. News and World Report, 2004).

It is learner-centered learning where learners are away from each other and learning resources in the context of time and/or space. It is the result of the distance education system.

A mode of education where there is a lack of physical proximity between instructors and students; Web-based technology may or may not be employed for teaching and learning. An example is the UK Open University.

The practice of using correspondence, either written or virtual, to learn. This helps students access teachers who may live geographically too far away to attend a class.

learner and the teacher are not in the same environment; It is the teaching model where teaching is carried out in online environments through technology products.

Teaching-learning modality in which teachers and students are in different physical spaces. It uses different technologies to mediate communication, which can be synchronous or asynchronous.

A method of study where teachers and students do not meet in a classroom but use other electronic means to connect (i.e., online or using a telecommunications system).

A field of education that focuses on the methods and pedagogy of teaching students who are not physically on site. Interaction between faculty and students in this particular program is through email, bulletin board and chat.

A form of institution-based formal education where the adult learner is separated, and where interactive technology enabled devices are used to connect learners, resources, and facilitators.

An educational delivery system that offers remote access: correspondence courses, videotape courses, and online instruction are typical means.

It is a system and process of presenting learning materials to the students. Distance learning can use varieties of form and usually characterized as 1) separation of the teacher, the learner and learning materials in space and time and 2) interactions (teacher-learner, learner-learner, learner-materials) with the help one or several technologies (it is not necessary to use only electronic technologies).

Education provided in a distant modality, referring to physical/geographical distance.

Education in which learners are separated from their teachers and/or from the material they are studying, and are using media and technology to communicate and learn.

A type of formal education in which the majority of the instruction, which is transmitted through technology, occurs when student and instructor are not in the same place.

Provides programs of study and support services to students who do not wish to regularly attend face-to-face teaching or who find on-campus study impractical due to factors such as geographical constraints, family or work commitments.

Educational activities carried out without physical interaction by means of equipment such as television, computer, tablet, mobile phone.

A form or educational instruction where the students and academic staff are to be found in separate venues. It may involve computing resources and communications technology or the material can be paper-based and forwarded by post of fax.

The process of providing instruction when students and instructors are separated by physical distance (Gilbert, 2001, p. 235).

Is the use of information and communication technology to get any knowledge by means online teaching resources, with entirely independence of personal time and place.

The form of learning, which moves the learners’ education beyond the traditional on-campus course.

Education happens when participants are geographically separated.

Delivering instruction via technology either synchronously or asynchronously.

Teaching method that allows students and teachers to carry out the training and learning path even if “physically” distant. Online support and its tools play a fundamental role.

The linking of learners and learning resources separated by time and or distance (Dillion, 1996).

Students learning remotely from their educational establishment, supported by a variety of methods.

A planned teaching and learning experience that may use a wide spectrum of technologies to reach learners at a site other than that of the campus or institution delivering the course.

A formal educational process in which instruction occurs when student and instructor are separated by geographic distance or by time. Instruction may be synchronous or asynchronous. Distance education may employ correspondence study or audio, video or computer technologies.

It is an interdisciplinary field that uses existing technologies in a pragmatic way by trying to eliminate the limitations of learning, teaching and learning resources.

“The delivery of instruction to students who are separated from their teacher by time and/or location” (Lever-Duffy et al., 2003, p. 411).

It refers to the delivery of educational content and instruction through various technologies and media, such as the internet, video conferencing, and correspondence courses.

Distance education is institution based, formal education where the learner group separated and where interactive communications systems are used to connect learners, resources, and instructors (Simonson, 2003 AU11: The in-text citation "Simonson, 2003" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. as cited in Schlossers and Simonson, 2010 AU12: The in-text citation "Schlossers and Simonson, 2010" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. , p.1).

The process of delivering learning opportunities to learners at a time or place, or in a format that separates the instructor from the learner.

Education that uses technology to provide content to students in a separate environment from the one in which the instructor prepared and delivered it.

Learning situations in which the students and instructor are located in different localities for at least a portion of the class.

Teaching methods and technology designed to deliver teaching to students who are not physically present in a traditional classroom.

Distance education is a method of teaching and learning in which learning takes place in a different/the same time and/or place from teaching time and place.

It is a form of education based on the use of various communication tools without being face-to-face between the student and the teacher.

“A formal educational process in which the majority of the instruction occurs when student and instructor are not in the same place. Instruction may be synchronous or asynchronous” (North Central Association Commission on Institutions of Higher Education, 2000).

Education or training courses delivered to remote (off campus) sites via audio, video (live or prerecorded), or computer technologies, including both synchronous (i.e., simultaneous) and asynchronous (i.e., not simultaneous instruction) (Distance Education, 2003 AU33: The in-text citation "Distance Education, 2003" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).

Education methods that are used to overcome separation between educators and learners due to geographical conditions or other exceptional social situations.

It refers to the processes of teaching and learning in environments other than those associated with traditional, on-campus classrooms. These processes include correspondence, usually through the postal service, Internet, or intranet via synchronous learning like Webcasts and real-time messaging; via asynchronous methods like e-mail and bulletin boards; and through two-way audio and video feeds.

Educational programs that include at least 50% of instruction facilitated through technology. Interaction is regular and substantive between the students and the instructor, either synchronously or asynchronous (OPE, 2012).

The terms of distance education, online learning, and e-learning are used interchangeably. Distance education uses technology to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor and to support regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructors synchronously or asynchronously ( National Center for Education, 2014 ). Technologies used for instruction in this definition primarily use the Internet, mobile devices, and desktop computers.

Education that uses technology to provide content to students in a separate environment from the one in which the instructor prepared and delivered it.

Education or training courses delivered to remote (off campus) sites via audio, video (live or prerecorded), or computer technologies, including both synchronous (i.e., simultaneous) and asynchronous (i.e., not simultaneous instruction) (Distance Education, 2003).

The delivery of education to students who are not physically on site. Students do not attend courses in person, but teachers and students may communicate through the exchange of printed media (e.g. books or course materials) or electronic media (e.g. email, blogs, wikis, asynchronous or synchronous discussion forums).

Realization of teaching by means of technological tools, regardless of time and place.

Learning situations in which the students and instructor are located in different localities for at least a portion of the class.

Distance education is the delivery of a planned learning experience to students separated from the instructor or each other, by geography and/or time. Distance education can incorporate a variety of media including audiotapes, videotapes, telephone conferences, cable or satellite television, fax, e-mail, or the World Wide Web to deliver the instruction or facilitate student interaction (Moore & Kearsley, 1996).

This refers to a planned, systematic and pedagogically based learning-teaching process using various technologies.

An education model where students and teachers communicate via communication media such as mail, email and webpage platforms and they are in physically different places.

Instruction that occurs when the instructor and student are separated by distance, time, or both.

Refers to any course that is taught through an online format; distance education can be used synonymously with the terms online learning or online education.

Distance education is institution-based, formal education where the learners are separated, and where interactive information and communication technology are used to connect instructors, learners, and resources.

Distance education is defined (…) as a formal educational process in which the majority of the instruction occurs when student and instructor are not in the same place. Instruction may be synchronous or asynchronous. Distance education may employ correspondence study, or audio, video, or computer technologies (Commission on Institutions of Higher Education, 1998).

A synchronous and asynchronous learning system where students and teaching staff are physically distant.

The learning that uses television, video tapes, computers, and Internet, instead of physical attendance at classes in a centralized facility.

Term used for open, distance, flexible and, mainly in our days, online education, including e-learning. Accord to King, Young and Schrader (2001) , distance learning is improved capabilities in knowledge and/or behaviors as a result of mediated experiences that are constrained by time and/or distance such that the learner does not share the same situation with what is being learned. From this definition of distance learning flows our definition of distance education. Distance education is formalized instructional learning where the time/geographic situation constrains learning by not affording in-person contact between student and instructor. In person education is formalized instructional learning where the time/geographic situation constrains learning by requiring synchronous person-to-person interaction.

Distance education employs electronic means that allow students and learners to receive instruction from a location apart from the instructor, specifically separated by both location and time.

A type of learning where the main elements consist of physical separation of teachers and students during instruction and the use of various technologies to ease student-teacher and student-student communication.

Distance education is a course format where the student and instructor are separated by time or location for all or the majority of the course term and are delivered asynchronously.

A mode of education where students do not attend classes.

Education and interaction that takes place between teacher and learner who are separated by time and/or space.

A form of instruction that is not bound by space or time and where the instructor and learner is physically separated.

Institution-based, formal education where the learning group is separated, and where interactive telecommunications systems are used to connect learners, resources and instructors.

“Distance education is defined … as a formal educational process in which the majority of the instruction occurs when student and instructor are not in the same place. Instruction may be synchronous or asynchronous. Distance education may employ correspondence study, or audio, video, or computer technologies” (North Central Association Commission on Institutions of Higher Education, 2000, p.1).

“…the provision of learning resources to remote learners and involving both distance teaching (the instructor’s role in the process) and distance learning (the student’s role).” Key elements include a separation of teacher and learner in space and time, two way communication between teacher, tutor or educational agency and learner, the use of educational media to unite teacher and learner and carry course content. (Palloff and Pratt, 1999)

Education across distances using computers and internet connections

Distance Education is a method of teaching using a combination of technologies, including audio, video, computer, and the internet, while students and teachers are physically separated. This type of learning which takes place outside of brick-and-mortar includes information and knowledge exchanges between teachers and students through technical means ( Kentnor, 2015 ; Lassoued et al., 2020 ).

Teaching in which there is distance between the instructor and the student.

Content that is delivered to the student via the Internet, video-conferencing, or mail (post).

General term for any type of educational activity in which the participants are at a distance from each other--in other words, are separated in space. They may or may not be separated in time (asynchronous vs. synchronous).

Conducting education independently from time and place, and without being obliged to participate in the traditional classroom environment.

Takes place when a teacher and student(s) are separated by physical distance; technology (i.e., voice, video, data, and print) is used to bridge the instructional gap.

A form of education utilizing one or more technologies (e.g., the Internet) for delivering instruction to students who are physically separated from their teachers.

It is a learning system where students, instructors and learning resources are far from each other and communication/interaction process is carried out with internet technologies.

Learning situations in which the students and instructor are located in different localities at least for a portion of the class.

Instruction or learning in which the Learner and Faculty Mentor are physically separated from each other and use various forms of technology to communicate and complete a course of instruction.

Education opportunities where the instructor and students are not in the same location.

It refers to delivery of instruction from distance by means of information communication technology (ICT) tools. This is an umbrella term for e-Learning, online learning, Virtual Learning Environments (VLE), web-based learning, and Internet-based learning.

Online education and instruction to students who are not present physically.

Development and delivery of course content online through a course management system.

Includes education that happens outside of the traditional norms of learning to include correspondence learning and online learning.

All of the educational activities carried out with the help of communication technologies, where the learner and the teacher are not face to face.

Classroom and time rules disappear physically and learning processes are carried out in physically separate areas thanks to different technological structures.

A method of study where teachers and students do not meet in a classroom but use the Internet, email, mail, etc., to have classes.

Education that uses technology to provide content to students in a separate environment from the one in which the instructor prepared and delivered it.

for the purposes of this manuscript, online or web-based delivery modalities particularly those utilizing a web-based course management system. This document does not consider telecourses, correspondence courses, teleconferences, etc.

The use of new media to produce distributed learning opportunities to students who are not physically present in a traditional classroom.

An educational process where large portions of the teaching is conducted by an instructor who is not physically present in the classroom and technological tools namely audio, video, text, print as well traditional face-to-face instruction are used as instruction.

It is also referred to as distance learning where the main elements consist of physical separation of teachers and students during instruction and the use of various technologies to ease student-teacher and student-student communication.

Learning situations in which the students and instructor are located in different localities at least for a portion of the class.

The generic term used to define the nature of teaching and learning process at a distance instead of in a traditional classroom setting.

A form of education where students receive instruction using the internet rather than in the physical classrooms.

The use of media and technology to bridge a physical gap between instructors and learners engaged in the process of teaching and learning.

An institution-based, formal education where the learning group is separated, and where interactive telecommunications systems are used to connect learners, resources, and instructors (Simonson et al, 2003)

Methods for providing instructional means and media, for example, print and electronic communications, to individuals physically separated from the faculty member(s).

A form of education in which there is a separation between teacher and student and technology is used to bridge the gap.

Courses and programs in which learners are separated from educators, trainers or facilitators via distance. Common forms of distance education include courses and programs offered via the Internet or World Wide Web, compressed interactive video, paper-based independent study, television, or satellite downlink.

Physical separation of teacher and learner.

Distance education is an educational option that has a history of approximately 300 years and tries to produce permanent solutions to education through planned and systematic activities within the framework of lifelong learning.

Education in which the student and instructor are physically separated from each other and use various forms of technology to communicate and complete a course of instruction.

A formal educational process in which the majority of the instruction occurs when student and instructor are geographically separate. Instruction may be synchronous or asynchronous. Content and communication may be exchanged through a variety of media.

Thanks to distance education, students can learn at their own pace and thus allowing students for their learning needs and progress faster.

“An approach to teaching and learning that utilizes Internet technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational context” (Pallof & Pratt, 2001, p. 5).

A generic term referring to education where teachers and students are geographically separate. Modes employed include print and non-print technologies.

“Distance education means education that uses one or more of the technologies listed in paragraphs (1) through (4) to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor and to support regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructor, either synchronously or asynchronously. The technologies may include: The internet; One-way and two-way transmissions through open broadcast, closed circuit, cable, microwave, broadband lines, fiber optics, satellite, or wireless communications devices; Audioconferencing; or Video cassettes, DVDs, and CD-ROMs, if the cassettes, DVDs, or CD-ROMs are used in a course in conjunction with any of the technologies listed in paragraphs (1) through (3).” (U.S. Department of Education, 2015 AU55: The in-text citation "U.S. Department of Education, 2015" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. , n.p.).

In general, distance education is defined as teaching and learning activities that occur with technology when the learners and the instructors are separated at a distance. It is an educational environment where (a) the instructor and student are separated during the main mode of instructional delivery so there is limited regular contact between instructor and students; (b) various media (print, audio, video, or computer) can be used to transmit content; (c) there is some provision for two-way communication in the educational-instructional process; (d) people tend to receive instruction individually or in small groups.

An educational experience where students are not physically present at an institution.

Learning that occurs when there is a separation (by time or distance) between the learner and the instructor.

An educational methodology that makes use of a set of teaching materials, methods, and resources that are available to those who want to learn in a self-learning regime, aiming to widen their knowledge or academic/professional qualifications.

This refers to all educational activities of an organization that are supported and carried out while the learners and teachers are separated from each other (spatially and temporally) for much of that time.

“Any formal approach to learning in which a majority of the instruction occurs while educator and learner are at a distance from one another” ( Clark, 1983 , p. 8).

Distance education revolves around a learner-centered system, where the facilitator complements tutorial matter with explanations and references. The focus, however, is more on independent learning than on teaching. The responsibility of a distance education institution therefore is to facilitate and enhance learning in spite of distance.

Also referred to as online or virtual education in this text is the education of students away from the classroom that avails them to attend online classes from home or any other places through devices that are connected to the internet.

An educational format involving physically separated students and instructors, typically facilitated through Internet services and online platforms.

Teaching and learning processes in the online space that are offered in distance education BA and MA degrees via remote learning coursework programs.

It is the process of extending learning with the instructor and student geographically remote from each other. Historically, Distance Education meant correspondence study. Distance learning may occur by surface mail, videotape, interactive TV, radio, satellite, or any number of Internet technologies such as message boards, chat rooms, and desktop computer conferencing.

Formal learning in which the student and the instructor are not in the same place at the same place.

Any learning that is delivered remotely via asynchronous or synchronous teaching methodologies.

The main features of distance education include physical separation of instructors and students during instruction and their interaction through various technologies for communication. The expressions such as distributed learning, e-learning, m-learning, and online learning are used synonymously with distance education.

A method of study in which students and teachers interact without being in the same location.

A systematic and planned application of educational technology in which the sources and recipients are in different environments for most of the learning-teaching process.

The process of providing instruction at a distance, including the occasional face-to-face encounter between teacher and student, where technology (i.e., voice, video, data, and print) is used to bridge that gap

A type of formal education in which the majority of the instruction, which is transmitted through technology, occurs when the student and instructor are not in the same place.

Education that uses one or more technologies to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor and to support regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructor synchronously or asynchronously.

Formal education situation where there is a separation of teachers and learners in space and time and where pedagogical strategies are determined by the technologies available at any given time.

“The provision of learning resources to remote learners and involving both distance teaching (the instructor’s role in the process) and distance learning (the student’s role).” Key elements include a separation of teacher and learner in space and time, two way communication between teacher, tutor or educational agency and learner, the use of educational media to unite teacher and learner and carry course content (Palloff and Pratt, 1999).

A form of instruction that is not bound by space or time and where the instructor and learner is physically separated.

A form of instruction that is not bound by space or time and where the instructor and learner are physically separated.

A method of teaching and learning that utilizes correspondence via the internet or other off-site resource to unite student, teacher, tutor and/or educational institution.

Education that takes place when a teacher and student(s) are separated by physical distance, and technology is used to bridge the instructional gap.

A learning situation whereby a student and instructor are separated physically or geographically. The “transmission of instruction from one location to multiple locations via telecommunication technology that is either synchronous . . . or asynchronous.” (Zirkle, Norris, Winegardner, &Frustaci, 2006, p. 103).

Without at the same venue, training as a remote synchronous or asynchronous.

The delivery of course materials in a virtual environment.

Any course that is delivered to students not in the physical presence of a teacher.

Distance Education is a field of education that focuses on the pedagogy, technology, and instructional. system designs that aim to deliver education to students who are not physically “on site” in a traditional classroom or campus.

Planned learning that normally occurs in a different place from teaching and as a result requires special techniques of course design, special instructional techniques, special methods of communication by electronic and other technology, as well as special organizational and administrative arrangements (Moore & Kearsley, as cited in Visser 1997, p. 2).

A generic term referring to education where teachers and students are geographically separate. Modes employed include print and non-print technologies.

The learning that uses television, video tapes, computers, and the Internet, instead of physical attendance at the traditional classes.

Distance Education is a general term that refers to education conducted outside of the classroom. The term distance education typically refers to courses delivered online. Distance Education can also refer to courses delivered via Web-conference technology either classroom to classroom or instructor to individual student.

A mode of delivering education and instruction to students who are not physically present in a traditional classroom setting.

Any method of educating the learner when there is a physical separation from the teacher.

Students and teachers are separated by distance or time.

A generic term for “all forms of education in which all or most of the teaching is conducted in a different space than the learning, with the effect that all or most of the communication between teachers and learners is through a communication technology” (Moore& Anderson, 2003, p. xiv).

Teaching and learning involving accessing information, communicating, collaborating, and completing course work online. Students and instructors are remotely located to each other and may communicate asynchronously, synchronously (in real-time), or by a combination. Also called distance learning

Term used to define the field of distance learning. It is a method of delivering education that allows students to study in their own time, at the place of their choice, without being physically present in a traditional setting such as a classroom.

A teaching method in which students do not have to come to a specific location in order to hear lectures or study. The learning materials reach them either by mail, through the Internet, or through other means (satellite, cable). The main component of the method is usually written material together with additional components such as assignments, face-to-face (or computer-mediated) tutorials, and examinations. It involves learning outside of the traditional avenues of attendance at educational institutions.

Learning situations in which the students and instructor are located in different localities for at least a portion of the class.

Education is delivered by offering classes to students that are physically distant from the host institution.

Any method of instructional delivery in which instructors and students are separated by time and/or space ( Rovai et al., 2008 ).

Online teaching modality with methodologies and self-instructional content developed with the support of technological resources.

Instruction that occurs in an online setting.

Distance education as a generic term used to define the field or distance learning is a mode of delivering education and instruction, often on an individual basis.

Education of learners (teachers and students working together) who are not located in the same geographical physical space.

A planned and guided practice that offers an alternative method to face-to-face education (Bozkurt et al., 2020).

An organized, planned, and guided process of knowledge transfer.

For the purposes of this chapter, distance education is education that uses one or more technologies to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor. Distance education supports regular and substantive interaction between students and the instructor synchronously or asynchronously. Technologies used for distance education include the World Wide Web, broadcasts, closed circuit, cable, microwave, broadband lines, satellite, or wireless communication. This study will focus primarily on the most common instructional format found in 2019: asynchronous Web instruction. Asynchronous Web instruction is often referred to as online learning, online education, eLearning, or online distance education.

Education or training courses delivered to remote (off-campus) sites via audio, video (live or prerecorded), or computer technologies, including both synchronous (i.e., simultaneous) and asynchronous (i.e., not simultaneous instruction) (Distance Education, 2003 AU10: The in-text citation "Distance Education, 2003" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).

Education that focuses on the pedagogy, technology, and instructional systems design that are effectively incorporated in delivering education via Internet to students who are not physically “on site” to receive their education. Instead, teachers and students may communicate asynchronously (at times of their own choosing) by exchanging printed or electronic media, or through technology that allows them to communicate in real time (synchronously).

A distance education is instructional delivery method where the interaction between the students and the instructor is done synchronously or asynchronously, that is the instructor and the learner are physically separated. A distance education course is one in which 51% or more of the instruction and interaction occurs via electronic communication or equivalent mechanisms with the faculty and students physically separated from each other.

Distance education is planned learning that normally occurs in a different place from teaching and as a result requires special techniques of course design, special instructional techniques, special methods of communication by electronic and other technology, as well as special organizational and administrative arrangements (Moore & Kearsley, 2004, p.2)

The delivery of instruction that does not require the learner to be present in the same physical location as the instructor.