What is Fingerprint Recognition

The demand for reliable and robust person recognition systems has expanded due to intense security requirements in today's highly intertwined network society. The advantages of biometrics over traditional security systems have triggered large-scale deployment of biometrics as an authentic technique to determine the identity of an individual. The prime objective of such methods is to assure that the systems are only accessed by genuine users. Since, biometric traits are overt, leading thus to a threat of them being captured, copied, and forged. Numerous techniques have been developed over the years for biometric spoofing and anti-spoofing. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview on works in the field of spoofing and anti-spoofing with special attention to three mainly accepted biometric traits (i.e., fingerprint, face and iris) and multimodal biometric systems. We also present the key challenges, major issues and point out some of the salient and useful research directions.