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What is Folksonomy

Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition
Folksonomies are user-generated taxonomies of all kinds of Web content. Users are allowed to index Web content with tags generated by themselves.
Published in Chapter:
Using Computer Mediated Communication as a Tool to Facilitate Intercultural Collaboration of Global Virtual Teams
Norhayati Zakaria (Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch202
Abstract
Many multinational companies (MNCs) have inevitably assembled and employed global virtual teams (GVTs) to leverage their work performance. GVTs are considered as an innovative and flexible work structure to achieve competitiveness in the era of globalization. The emergence of this structure is also due to the heavy reliance on computer-mediated communication technology and, as such, geographical boundaries and time zones are no longer considered as a hindrance to collaboration and communication. Yet, cultural differences remain challenging when team members work together in a non-collocated environment when they are engaged in managerial tasks such as problem-solving, negotiations, decision-making, and coordination. Thus, this new distributed collaborative phenomenon suggests that one of the key challenges in working together apart is the ability to adapt and acculturate to different cultural values that exist among team members. People need to be fully aware, understand, and be sensitive to the impact of cultural differences by exploiting appropriate online behaviors in order to reduce its detrimental influence on work performance. The purpose of this article is to present and understand the dynamics of intercultural collaboration within global virtual teams and how culture impacts their work performance in MNCs. Individuals from all over the world with diverse cultural backgrounds are increasingly collaborating using computer-mediated communication (CMC) technologies such as e-mail, Web, chat and videoconferencing, and others. Existing literature shows that when people with different cultural values communicate, it is not unusual for miscommunication, misunderstanding, and misinterpretations to occur (Chen, 2001; Gudykunst, 2003). Problems are intensified in CMC environment because of its limitation such as the absence of body language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and many others (Sproull & Kiesler, 1986; Walther, 1996). However, little research has been conducted on the ways in which different intercultural communication styles and cultural values affect people working in a distributed or virtual environment, particularly on team members’ performance. Thus, in this article, first, I will introduce the phenomenon of GVTs and its crucial function in MNCs. Second, I will present the background of the phenomenon by highlighting the gaps as identified between two research fields--crosscultural management and computer-mediated communication. Next, the main focus of the article will be a discussion of the issue of intercultural collaboration. In this section, I will first provide a definition of GVTs, followed by several arguments on cultural challenges of GVTs. In the subsequent section, I will discuss the different types of CMC that are available to GVTs and the impact of culture on its utilization. Then, I will provide a brief direction of the future research agenda comprising of both the practical as well as theoretical perspectives. In conclusion, the article will highlight the significance of using GVTs in MNCs when people engage more prominently in intercultural collaboration, using CMC in order to promote and expand international business.
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More Results
OSIRIS: Ontology-Based System for Semantic Information Retrieval and Indexation Dedicated to Community and Open Web Spaces
A folksonomy is a system of classification derived from the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. This practice is also known as collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social tagging.
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Web 2.0 Concepts, Social Software and Business Models
Folksonomies are collections of collectively created and managed metadata about digital content by a process called collaborative Tagging based on (Golder & Huberman, 2005), and (Golder & Huberman, 2006).
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Social Bookmarking in Digital Libraries: Intellectual Property Rights Implications
A user-generated system of classifying and organising online content into different categories by the use of metadata created collaboratively by individuals using social networking platforms. It is opposed to taxonomy which uses well defined classification schemes and categories. Whereas folksonomy is informal and voluntary, taxonomy is formal and comprehensively structured.
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From Knowledge to Personal Knowledge Management
Folksonomy is a neologism, a word constructed by mimicing another word: “taxonomy”. A taxonomy is a hierarchical data structure whose purpose is to classify elements of a given domain: nature, science, knowledge, and so forth. Folksonomy indicates a trend of recent times, becoming almost a philosophy, that contrasts formal classification methods, because the definition and organization of the elements is based on the judgment and the concourse of generic “people” (folk), usually gathered in communities, and not of “authorities”.
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Web 2.0 Technologies as Cognitive Tools of the New Media Age
The taxonomy decided by common people, as the results of free tagging of information and objects for one’s retrieval.
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A Security Framework for E-Marketplace Participation
A collection of tags (terms) to describe objects of a domain; these are created by a community and not as taxonomies, which are created by experts of a domain.
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Social Tagging: Properties and Applications
A fusion of the words folks and taxonomy. It is a practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize all kinds of Web resources.
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Multi-Label Classification
Collaboration from different users to apply labels, usually online such as in a forum.
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Metaliteracy and Multiple Literacies
A system of classifying and organizing online content into different categories through metadata or electronic tagging created by users.
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A Study of Friendship Networks and Blogosphere
It is a collaboratively generated taxonomic structure of Web pages, media like hyperlinks, images and movies using open-ended labels called tags. Folksonomies make information increasingly easy to search, discover and navigate over time. The descriptive content of such a tagging process is considered better than automatic tagging because of the “collective wisdom” and better context handling capabilities of humans as compared to computing algorithms.
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A Study of Friendship Networks and Blogosphere
It is a collaboratively generated taxonomic structure of Web pages, media like hyperlinks, images and movies using open-ended labels called tags. Folksonomies make information increasingly easy to search, discover and navigate over time. The descriptive content of such a tagging process is considered better than automatic tagging because of the “collective wisdom” and better context handling capabilities of humans as compared to computing algorithms.
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Critical Success Factors in the Development of Folksonomy-Based Knowledge Management Tools
Folksonomies can be described as an ad hoc information management structure that acquires its entire structure through the context created by descriptive contributions from an interested community. A folksonomy is a user-created taxonomy used to categorize information. Folksonomies rely on single word tags assigned by users to create context and establish the value of information.
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Folksonomy: The Collaborative Knowledge Organization System
An indexing method open for users to apply freely chosen index terms. The term “folksonomy” was introduced in 2004 by Thomas Vander Wal as a combination of “folk” and “taxonomy.”
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Knowledge Dissemination in Portals
A set of terms generated by the collective action of an online community where users tag information or objects using their own terms or the terms recommended by others.
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The Hybrid Course: Facilitating Learning through Social Interaction Technologies
Also known as collaborative tagging and social classification, folksonomies make it possible to categorize and annotate content using tags (keywords) and to provide the capabilities to associate tags with individuals.
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Learning for the Future: Emerging Technologies and Social Participation
Related to the term ‘taxonomy’, this describes the way in which participants in a Web 2.0 space have assigned tags or labels to content. These tags identify the prevalent themes, topics or areas of interest for individuals in that particular environment. Aggregating these tags creates a folksonomy. Visitors to the site can then search ‘by tag’ and see all the objects labelled by that specific tag.
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Social Tagging and Secondary School Libraries: Insights from the AO3 Framework
A system, generated by users, of labeling and sorting content online, typically by means of tags.
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Social Issues and Web 2.0: A Closer Look at Culture in E-Learning
Addresses learners or users’ willingness to rely on expert opinions of other users due to the belief that such opinions offer guidance.
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Social Networking and Personal Learning Environment
A neologism that indicates the contribution from people (folks) in the definition of meaning and in the classification of information on the Web. It is contrasted to a-priori taxonomies complied by experts (for example in the library field).
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Pedagogical Practice for Learning with Social Software
A user-generated categorizing system or taxonomy facilitated by applying popular or commonly referred to tags or labeling terms.
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Representing and Sharing Tagging Data Using the Social Semantic Cloud of Tags
A practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags for the purpose of annotating and categorizing content. The term folksonomy is a fusion of two words: folk and taxonomy. Folksonomies became popular with the introduction of web-based social software applications, for example, social bookmarking and photograph annotating.
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KC-PLM: Knowledge Collaborative Product Lifecycle Management
is an collaborative annotation process performed by the users. Users read internet content and associated metadata chosen from a controlled vocabulary or free chosen terms. This metadata is used for retrieval purposes and mainly created by the producers and the consumers of the information
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Communicative Networking and Linguistic Mashups on Web 2.0
An index produced in a bottom-up manner by adding user-generated tags to webpages of interest through a service such as del.icio.us. The resulting list of tags is known as a folksonomy and may be displayed in the form of a tag cloud , in which more prominent tags are shown in larger and darker type.
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Social Navigation and Local Folksonomies: Technical and Design Considerations for a Mobile Information System
In the context of the Web 2.0 discussion, a folksonomy (sometimes also known as a ‘tag cloud’) is a user-generated taxonomy made up of key terms that describe online content. By assigning these freestyle keywords or so-called ‘tags’, the semantics of various information resources can be described in a more flexible, decentralised, collaborative and participatory way than fixed categories allow for. The term has been coined by Thomas Vander Wal.
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Analysis and Evaluation of the Connector Website
A word combining “folk” and “taxonomy,” meaning the “people’s classification management”. Refers to the collaborative but unsophisticated way in which information is being categorized on the Web. Instead of using a centralized form of classification, users are encouraged to assign freely chosen keywords (called tags) to pieces of information or data, a process known as tagging.
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The Qualities and Potential of Social Media
The description of information by the people who use it and the consequent challenge to the power structure of those who have historically labelled it.
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Activating the Networked Object for a Complex World
A web 2.0 social networking application enabling the categorization of information and generation of metadata to construct a non-linear indexing system based on freely chosen keywords.
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Web 2.0—Social Bookmarking: An Overview of Folksonomies
Folksonomy is the result of personal free tagging of information and objects (i.e. anything with a URL) for one's own retrieval. The tagging is done in a social environment (usually shared and open to others). Folksonomy is created from the act of tagging by the person consuming the information. ( Vander Wal, 2007 )
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Singapore's Online Retail Deviants: Analyzing the Rise of Blogshops' Power
a user generated classification system using their ‘own’ lexical approach and set of practices. Importantly, the more users participate, the easier it is to reach a critical mass and encourage potential new users to share. From this perspective, information is provided from a richer variety of sources based on current social experiences of the users allowing previously unknown or restricted alternatives or substitutes on a global scale to emerge.
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