A latent deviation that occurs when binocular viewing is disrupted, observed during an alternating cover test. Phorias include exophoria (eyes drift outward), esophoria (eyes drift inwards), hypophoria (eyes drift downward), hyperphoria (eyes drift upward).
Published in Chapter:
Binocular Examination in Children
Surbhi Bansal (Stanford University, USA), Ruth Y. Shoge (University of California, Berkeley, USA), and Siva Meiyeppen (Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, USA)
Copyright: © 2022
|Pages: 45
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8044-8.ch009
Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to tests commonly performed in a binocular vision examination to determine a child's binocular status. The testings introduced in this chapter are all chairside techniques that do not involve a significant amount of extra equipment or time. The binocular examination consists of determining the ocular position and then accommodation, vergence, and ocular motor statuses. The ocular position consists of determining where the eyes point in space and if they are correctly aligned. Evaluation of ocular alignment and the ability to move the eyes with coordination can be determined with various techniques, including Hirschberg, Krimsky, cover test, as well as Modified Thorington, motor testing, and vergence ranges. This chapter will familiarize the clinician with the basics of binocular vision testing and improve the reader's comfort with the various elements of the binocular vision examination.