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What is Heuristics

Chapter 5
Business Models to Promote Technology, Culture, and Leadership in Post-COVID-19 Organizations
Are simple, efficient rules, either learned or inculcated by evolutionary processes. These psychological heuristics have been proposed to explain how people make decisions, come to judgements, and solve problems.
Published in Chapter:
Leadership and Strategic Decision Making Under Exogenous Shocks Such as COVID-19
Jim A. McCleskey (Western Governors University, USA)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 30
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-4358-3.ch005
Abstract
This manuscript addresses three topics relevant to the field of leadership and strategy. The topics include the effect of individual and group decision processes on leadership decision-making, the newest directions and developments in the strategic leadership literature, and the effect of exogenous shocks such as COVID-19 on leadership decision-making. It includes a thematic literature review on individual and group processes in leadership decision-making. It addresses affective and cognitive processes, cognitive biases and heuristics, group decision-making, and affective and cognitive processes in individual decision-making. It describes the latest literature on strategic leadership decisions under uncertainty and artificial intelligence as an aid to decision-making. It includes a discussion of exogenous shocks such as COVID-19 on strategic leader decision-making. It also describes the impact of exogenous shocks on small and medium-sized enterprises, crisis management, stress on decision-makers, effective decision-makers, and leader behaviors that impact crisis decision-making.
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Chapter 15
A Completely Structured Training on the Angoff Standard-Setting Method for Developing Critical-Thinking Skills of Teachers
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Chapter 17
Agent-Based Modelnig with Boundedly Rational Agents
Simple decision-making processes that can be characterized as fast and frugal. In bounded rationality theory these heuristics are assumed to be adapted to certain decision environments. By exploiting the informational structure of the environment, heuristics can be both fast and accurate. An paradigmatic example is the recognition heuristic . It is applicable in decision environments in which the information and lack of information are structured according to a characteristic of the entities in question. If we are asked, for example, which English soccer team will win a match, and we have heard of one of the teams and not of the other, we tend to chose the one we know. And we tend to be correct with this choice (see Todd & Gigerenzer, 1999 AU7: The in-text citation "Todd & Gigerenzer, 1999" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Published in Chapter: Agent-Based Modelnig with Boundedly Rational Agents; From: Handbook of Research on Nature-Inspired Computing for Economics and Management
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Chapter 12
Taxonomies of Debiasing Methods in Procurement Processes
Humans, when faced with uncertainty, develop shortcuts to quickly solve the problems ( Cyert et al., 1956 ) and these shortcuts referred to in the literature as “heuristics” are derived from the Greek root word “Heuriskein,” which means “to find” or “to discover.”
Published in Chapter: Taxonomies of Debiasing Methods in Procurement Processes; From: Overcoming Cognitive Biases in Strategic Management and Decision Making
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Chapter 6
Is AI in Your Future?: AI Considerations for Scholarly Publishers
A heuristic technique, or a heuristic, is any approach to problem solving or self-discovery that employs a practical method that is not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational, but is nevertheless sufficient for reaching an immediate, short-term goal, or approximation.
Published in Chapter: Is AI in Your Future?: AI Considerations for Scholarly Publishers; From: Transforming Scholarly Publishing With Blockchain Technologies and AI
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Chapter 151
Heuristically Evaluating Web-Based ODL
Rules or criteria that derive directly from practice. Usually they are not scientifically proven, yet they are broadly acceptable.
Published in Chapter: Heuristically Evaluating Web-Based ODL; From: Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition
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Chapter 29
Quality of Service of Data Broadcasting Algorithms on Erroneous Wireless Channels
Empirical search algorithms that give sub-optimal solutions.
Published in Chapter: Quality of Service of Data Broadcasting Algorithms on Erroneous Wireless Channels; From: Handbook of Research on Mobile Multimedia, Second Edition
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Chapter 5
Exploring Groupthink Bias and Polarisation Bias
Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that individuals use to simplify decision-making processes, often due to cognitive limitations or time constraints Gilovich, T., Griffin, D., & Kahneman, D. (2002) . “Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment.” Cambridge University Press.
Published in Chapter: Exploring Groupthink Bias and Polarisation Bias; From: Overcoming Cognitive Biases in Strategic Management and Decision Making
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Chapter 189
A Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Approach for Generating Alternatives
Approximation schemes used in problem-solving to generate good, though not necessarily optimal, solutions to mathematical programming problems.
Published in Chapter: A Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Approach for Generating Alternatives; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition
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Chapter 54
A Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Approach for Generating Alternatives
Approximation schemes used in problem-solving to generate good, though not necessarily optimal, solutions to mathematical programming problems.
Published in Chapter: A Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Approach for Generating Alternatives; From: Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Business Operations and Management
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Chapter 403
Experimental Analysis with Variable Neighborhood Search for Discrete Optimization Problems
Computational methods based on experience applied to tackle difficult combinatorial problems in a reasonable time without ensure optimality.
Published in Chapter: Experimental Analysis with Variable Neighborhood Search for Discrete Optimization Problems; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 6
Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA)
Any process or element that acts as an aid in self-discovery, or self-education to improve overall performance.
Published in Chapter: Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA); From: Handbook of Research on Computerized Occlusal Analysis Technology Applications in Dental Medicine
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Chapter 6
Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA) and the Diagnostic Process in TMD
Any process or element that acts as an aid in self-discovery, or self-education to improve overall performance.
Published in Chapter: Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA) and the Diagnostic Process in TMD; From: Handbook of Research on Clinical Applications of Computerized Occlusal Analysis in Dental Medicine
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Chapter 15
Behavioral Economics: New Dimension in Understanding the Real Economic Behavior
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Chapter 14
The Idealization of an Integrated BIM, Lean, and Green Model (BLG)
The theory that all is heuristics or rules of thumb; based on Heidegger’s notions and the Popperian principle of three worlds where we as a subjective world only know the world of reality through the world of symbols. See Heidegger, Koen and Popper.
Published in Chapter: The Idealization of an Integrated BIM, Lean, and Green Model (BLG); From: Handbook of Research on Building Information Modeling and Construction Informatics: Concepts and Technologies
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Chapter 3
Optimization of Single Row Layout in Construction Site Planning: A Comparative Study of Heuristics Algorithms
A method that is designed to solve a problem faster to find an approximate solution when classic methods cannot find an exact solution.
Published in Chapter: Optimization of Single Row Layout in Construction Site Planning: A Comparative Study of Heuristics Algorithms; From: Optimization of Design for Better Structural Capacity
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Chapter 635
The Decision Maker's Cognitive Load
Experience-based learning and problem-solving techniques. The solutions generated through the use of heuristics are not guaranteed to be optimal, but may be amended when an individual learns a new way to deal with a problem. Experienced individuals will have well-developed heuristics to deal effectively with problems they encounter.
Published in Chapter: The Decision Maker's Cognitive Load; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 6
Metaheuristics Methods for Configuration of Assembly Lines: A Survey
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Chapter 38
Mathematical Programming and Heuristics for Patient Scheduling in Hospitals: A Survey
Methods which lead to a good (but not necessarily optimal) solution. They are used to solve a problem by trial and error when an algorithmic approach is impractical (Winston (2004) AU41: The in-text citation "Winston (2004)" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Published in Chapter: Mathematical Programming and Heuristics for Patient Scheduling in Hospitals: A Survey; From: Handbook of Research on Healthcare Administration and Management
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Chapter 10
Synectics as a Modern Method of Solving Creative Problems
The problem-solving method that uses shortcuts to produce good-enough solutions given a limited time frame or deadline.
Published in Chapter: Synectics as a Modern Method of Solving Creative Problems; From: Paradigm Shifts in 21st Century Teaching and Learning
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Chapter 8
Evolutionary Computing to Examine Variation in Proteins with Evolution
Where exploring an optimal inference is unfeasible or unreasonable, heuristic techniques can be operated to gear up the procedure of observing an agreeable inference. This is accomplished by trading optimality, wholeness, exactness, or exactitude for speed.
Published in Chapter: Evolutionary Computing to Examine Variation in Proteins with Evolution; From: Handbook of Research on Natural Computing for Optimization Problems
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Chapter 24
Behavioral Performance Evaluation
Rules of thumb that reduce cognitive effort and facilitate decision making.
Published in Chapter: Behavioral Performance Evaluation; From: Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization
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Chapter 14
Ant Colony Algorithm for Single Stage Supply Chain
Rules of thumb which are derived by experience, intuition and logic.
Published in Chapter: Ant Colony Algorithm for Single Stage Supply Chain; From: Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization
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Chapter 31
Routing
Procedures for quickly finding good alternate—though not guaranteed optimal—solutions to routing problems.
Published in Chapter: Routing; From: Handbook of Research on Geoinformatics
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Chapter 56
Machine Learning Enables Decision-Making Processes for an Enterprise
This is an informal and judgemental knowledge of an application area that constitutes the “Rules of Good Judgment” in the field. Heuristics also encompasses the knowledge of solving problems efficiently and effectively. It also facilitates to improve performance a particular activity in an organization.
Published in Chapter: Machine Learning Enables Decision-Making Processes for an Enterprise; From: Encyclopedia of Data Science and Machine Learning
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Chapter 33
Bio-Inspired Modelling to Generate Alternatives
Approximation schemes used in problem-solving to generate good, though not necessarily optimal, solutions to mathematical programming problems.
Published in Chapter: Bio-Inspired Modelling to Generate Alternatives; From: Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization
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Chapter 2
Cognition: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on Western Truth and Reality
The process of heuristics is the facilitation of personal meaning making, essentially enabling them to discover and determine something themselves.
Published in Chapter: Cognition: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on Western Truth and Reality; From: Principles and Clinical Interventions in Social Cognition
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Chapter 53
Design Guidelines for Asynchronous E-Learning Applications
Heuristics is a problem-solving technique in which the most appropriate solution is selected using rules. Interfaces using heuristics may perform different actions on different data given the same command.
Published in Chapter: Design Guidelines for Asynchronous E-Learning Applications; From: Handbook of Research on Instructional Systems and Technology
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Chapter 19
Early, Often, and Repeat: Assessment and Evaluation Methodology for Ensuring Stakeholder Satisfaction with Information Technology Projects
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