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What is Higher-order thinking

Academic Integrity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Advanced cognitive processes like critical thinking, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation that involve deeper levels of understanding and application.
Published in Chapter:
Reframing Assessments: Designing Authentic Assessments in the Age of Generative AI
Peter Matheis (Navitas, Australia) and Jubin Jacob John (Navitas, Australia)
Copyright: © 2024 |Pages: 23
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-0240-8.ch008
Abstract
This study addresses the limitations of traditional assessment practices and proposes a conceptual model to reframe assessments for authenticity in the context of generative artificial intelligence (AI). Traditional assessment practices often fail to capture diverse knowledge and can be exploited by students' misuse of generative AI tools for unfair academic advantages, which underscores the need for robust assessment mechanisms. This study explores how authentic assessments can be integrated with generative AI tools to mitigate academic dishonesty and enhance the learning experience. Building on existing AI approaches in higher education, this study develops a model integrating generative AI in authentic assessments. This model can serve as a framework for incorporating authenticity in assessment practices while leveraging the capabilities of generative AI. An example illustrating the conceptual model, along with several reimagined authentic assessment types, and mitigation strategies for reframing authentic assessment design, are provided.
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Information Literacy Module: A Case Study at the International School Library in Malaysia
The ability to think on a level above memorizing information or repeating what has been said.
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Using an AI-Supported Online Discussion Forum to Deepen Learning
Thinking that goes beyond observation and memorization resulting in learning that requires more cognitive processing and leading to more generalized benefits.
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Using Gamification to Engage Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Higher-order thinking represents students’ ability to make judgements about competing perspectives, and to generate their own solutions to complex issues.
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No Child Left Behind
The most commonly used framework to define higher-order thinking is Benjamin Bloom’s (1956) Taxonomy of Cognitive Domain. Knowledge represented by fact recall, comprehension represented by retelling or summarizing, and application that prompts learners to use knowledge to complete a simple task are considered lower-order thinking. In contrast, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation are considered higher-order thinking ( Bloom, 1956 ). For learners to become critical thinkers, instructions need to occur in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation levels. Unfortunately, the majority of the questions asked in the classroom are either at knowledge or comprehension level ( Martin, 2003 ).
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