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What is Linkage Disequilibrium (LD)

Chapter 5
Handbook of Research on Computational and Systems Biology: Interdisciplinary Applications
Non-random association of alleles at two or more loci, not necessarily on the same chromosome. It describes a situation where some combinations of alleles or genetic markers occur more or less frequently in a population than would be expected from a random formation of haplotypes based on allelic frequencies.
Published in Chapter:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and its Application in Mapping Loci Involved in Developing Human Diseases and Traits
Rui-Ru Ji (Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA)
Copyright: © 2011 |Pages: 15
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-491-2.ch005
Abstract
Common diseases or traits in humans are often influenced by complex interactions among multiple genes as well as environmental and lifestyle factors rather than being attributable to a genetic variation within a single gene. Identification of genes that confer disease susceptibility can be facilitated by studying DNA markers such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with a disease trait. Genome-wide association approaches offers a systematic analysis of the association of hundreds of thousands of SNPs with a quantitative complex trait. This method has been successfully applied to a wide variety of common human diseases and traits, and has generated valuable findings that have improved the understanding of the genetic basis of many complex traits. This chapter outlines the general mapping process and methods, highlights the success stories, and describes some limitations and challenges that lie ahead.
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