What is Misinformation

1.

Information that is false and deceitful, not malicious by nature. Learn more in: Public Engagement and Policy Entrepreneurship on Social Media in the Time of Anti-Vaccination Movements

2.

Misinformation is defined as information containing “clear evidence about concrete issues and beliefs not supported by expert opinion”. Learn more in: Health Literacy Against Misinformation and Infodemic Spreadin Social Media During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Lie Epidemic Caused by Misinformation

3.

False information. Learn more in: Disinformation, Post-Truth, and Naive Realism in COVID-19: Melting the Truth

4.

Creating and spreading false information unintentionally to harm someone. Learn more in: Health Communication Strategies: Crisis Management and Infodemic During COVID-19

5.

Information that is shared without the knowledge of it being false. Learn more in: An Empirically Supported Taxonomy of Misinformation

6.

False information, often presented intentionally. Learn more in: Media Literacy and Fake News: How Media Literacy Can Curb the Fake News Trend

7.

Information that misinforms. All knowledge is imperfect and/or incomplete, continuously shifting and changing in concert with the environment, the demands of life, responses to that environment, and new discoveries (Bennet et al., 2020b). Thus, systems filled with data and information are also filled with misinformation, distorting the search for truth. Learn more in: Seeking Truth: The Shifting Context of a New Reality

8.

False information, rumors, etc. circulating through the online social media. Learn more in: The Dual Nature of Participatory Web and How Misinformation Seemingly Travels

9.

Information that may be perceived as real, yet actually incorrect. Learn more in: Real-Life and Virtual News Sources Can Be Flat-Out Wrong: Teaching the Importance of Libel Law and Media Literacy in a Single Class Session

10.

Information that is false and deceitful, not malicious by nature. Learn more in: Public Engagement and Policy Entrepreneurship on Social Media in the Time of Anti-Vaccination Movements

11.

Misinformation is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally. Learn more in: Using Information Technology to Spread Awareness about Communicable Diseases

12.

Incorrect or inaccurate information that may be designed intentionally to deceive audiences. Learn more in: Facts or Feelings?: The Peril and Promise of Intuitive Communication in an Era of Misinformation

13.

False content that is the product of error (i.e., whose originator or distributor may not be aware that the content is not truthful). Learn more in: An Overview (and Criticism) of Methods to Detect Fake Content Online

14.

Misinformation is false information presented as factual information. There may or may not be an intent to deceive with this false information. Learn more in: Educating the Public to Combat Online Defamation, Doxing, and Impersonation

15.

It refers that wrong, false, or inaccurate information, or the fact that people are misinformed especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive. Learn more in: Media Ethics: Evaluation of Television News in the Context of the Media and Ethics Relationship

16.

This term defined as false, mistaken, or misleading information. Learn more in: Detecting Fake News on Social Media: The Case of Turkey

17.

False or inaccurate information that is misleading and presented as fact. Learn more in: Race and Cultural Taboo: Refugee Disaster Vulnerability and Resilience

18.

False information. Learn more in: Perception Is (as) Reality

19.

False information that is created and circulated, with or without a malicious intention to deceive/ mislead the audience. Learn more in: Privacy and Other Legal Concerns in the Wake of Deepfake Technology: Comparative Study of India, US, and China

20.

False information that is spread, regardless of whether there is intent to mislead. Learn more in: The Impact of Misinformation and Preferences of News Sources on Institutional Trust Perception in the COVID-19 Process

21.

Misinformation refers to false or misleading content disseminated by individuals who do not recognize it as false. Learn more in: Understanding Online Falsehood From the Perspective of Social Problem

22.

Refers to false information created accidentally or designed deliberately to be false and poses inevitable cognition and social interaction challenges due to its misleading nature. Learn more in: Combating Misinformation in the Open Access Era

23.

Information that is inaccurate. Learn more in: The Concept of Disinformation

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The person who spreads wrong information in the concept of misinformation does not know that the information is wrong. Learn more in: Are You an Observer or a Supporter of War?: The Changing Narrative of Front Line Reporting

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An unintentionally false, wrong information. Learn more in: The Challenges of the COVID-19 Infodemic: Consequences and Information Management

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False information that is used strategically for political purposes. Learn more in: Media Literacy for Political Cognition in Higher Education: A Solution-Centered Approach

27.

The act of providing wrong information about a certain topic and/or to give false information. Learn more in: Is Misinformation a Challenge for Science Students in the Digital Era?

28.

Incorrect or misleading information inadvertently sent to influence public opinion or obscure the truth. Learn more in: Evolving Roles of East West University Library During the COVID-19 Pandemic

29.

A false, inaccurate, or misleading information that is communicated regardless of an intention to deceive. Learn more in: Fake News and Social Media Censorship: Examining the Librarian Role

30.

Wrong or misleading information. Learn more in: Information Literacy and Science Misinformation

31.

Relates to unintentional behaviors that inadvertently mislead. Learn more in: The Never Ending Intellectual Theft of Truth: How the Mainstream Media Cartel Dismembers the Facts

32.

Information that is initially presented as true but later found to be false. To be distinguished from disinformation, which refers to false information disseminated with deceptive intent. In contrast, the term misinformation is agnostic as to the motive of the source. Learn more in: Understanding and Countering Misinformation About Climate Change

33.

The process of adding, editing or creating incorrect or misleading information on to a digital information source in a digital environment. This can be a web site, an email, a podcast or a streaming video. Learn more in: Ethical Issues in Digital Information Technology