What is Industrial Revolutions (IRs)

1.

A revolution is generally defined as a rapid and massive series of changes that lead to a radical transformation of human society. The first IR (1IR) began at the end of the 18 th century and was characterized by the replacement of manual labour based on steam and water power. The second IR (2IR) began in the mid-19 th century, used the power of electricity and was characterized by the mass production of goods. The third IR (3IR) started during the 1940’s and is characterized as the era of automation, in which computers replaced humans as means of control. The upcoming fourth IR (4IR), although not yet explicitly known, could be described as the era of the Internet of Things and Energy and Cyber Physical Systems. Some social thinkers consider the 1IR and 2IR as the 1IR, which makes the upcoming 4IR to be considered as the 3IR. Learn more in: New Challenges for Education in the Forthcoming Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2.

A revolution is generally defined as a rapid and massive series of changes that lead to a radical transformation of human society. The first IR (1IR) began at the end of the 18 th century and was characterized by the replacement of manual labour based on steam and water power. The second IR (2IR) began in the mid-19 th century, used the power of electricity and was characterized by the mass production of goods. The third IR (3IR) started during the 1940’s and is characterized as the era of automation, in which computers replaced humans as means of control. The upcoming fourth IR (4IR), although not yet explicitly known, could be described as the era of the Internet of Things and Energy and Cyber Physical Systems. Some social thinkers consider the 1IR and 2IR as the 1IR, which makes the upcoming 4IR to be considered as the 3IR. Learn more in: Computers and Artificial Intelligence in Future Education