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What is Industrial Revolutions (IRs)

Chapter 4
Promoting Inclusive Growth in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
A revolution is generally defined as a rapid and massive series of changes that lead to a radical transformation of human society. The first IR (1IR) began at the end of the 18 th century and was characterized by the replacement of manual labour based on steam and water power. The second IR (2IR) began in the mid-19 th century, used the power of electricity and was characterized by the mass production of goods. The third IR (3IR) started during the 1940’s and is characterized as the era of automation, in which computers replaced humans as means of control. The upcoming fourth IR (4IR), although not yet explicitly known, could be described as the era of the Internet of Things and Energy and Cyber Physical Systems. Some social thinkers consider the 1IR and 2IR as the 1IR, which makes the upcoming 4IR to be considered as the 3IR.
Published in Chapter:
New Challenges for Education in the Forthcoming Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Michael Voskoglou (Graduate Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece, Greece)
Copyright: © 2020 |Pages: 20
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4882-0.ch004
Abstract
The rapid industrial and technological development of the last years has transformed the human society to its current form of knowledge and globalization. As a result, the formal education is nowadays faced with the big challenge of preparing students for a new way of life in the forthcoming fourth industrial revolution. This new revolution could be characterized as the era of the internet of things and energy and of the cyber-physical systems. The present chapter focuses on the role that computers and artificial intelligence could play in future education and the risks hiding behind this perspective. It is concluded that it is rather impossible that computers and the other “clever” machines of artificial intelligence will reach to the point of replacing teachers for educating students in future, because all these devices have been created and programmed by humans and therefore it is logical to accept that they will never succeed to reach the quality of human reasoning. However, it is certain that the role of the teacher will be dramatically changed in the future classrooms.
Full Text Chapter Download: US $37.50 Add to Cart
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Chapter 28
Computers and Artificial Intelligence in Future Education
A revolution is generally defined as a rapid and massive series of changes that lead to a radical transformation of human society. The first IR (1IR) began at the end of the 18 th century and was characterized by the replacement of manual labour based on steam and water power. The second IR (2IR) began in the mid-19 th century, used the power of electricity and was characterized by the mass production of goods. The third IR (3IR) started during the 1940’s and is characterized as the era of automation, in which computers replaced humans as means of control. The upcoming fourth IR (4IR), although not yet explicitly known, could be described as the era of the Internet of Things and Energy and Cyber Physical Systems. Some social thinkers consider the 1IR and 2IR as the 1IR, which makes the upcoming 4IR to be considered as the 3IR.
Published in Chapter: Computers and Artificial Intelligence in Future Education; From: Handbook of Research on Teaching With Virtual Environments and AI
Full Text Chapter Download: US $37.50 Add to Cart
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