What is North Africa

In recent decades, the global economy has been witnessing the emergence of the Global South, which accounted for about 40% of global trade in 2017, up from 24% in 2001. The traditional pattern of trade, generally skewed towards developed economies, has shifted to a growing South-South trade relationship. The rapidly expanding trade and investment relationship within the China-India-Africa triangle attests to this dynamic change. This study reviews China-Africa and India-Africa relations along the lines of trade flows (dynamics, structure, and destinations of exports and imports) and foreign direct investment (stocks accumulated in African countries). The authors emphasize existing problems and challenges in China-Africa and India-Africa trade and investment integration and reveal opportunities for the three sides to collaborate with an aim to spur economic growth.