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What is Open and Distance Learning

Chapter 283
Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition
A way of providing learning opportunities that is characterized by the separation of teacher and learner in time and place, or both time and place; learning that is certified in some way by an institution or agency ; the use of a variety of media, including print and electronic; two-way communications that allow learners and tutors to interact; the possibility of occasional face-to-face meetings; and a specialized division of labour in the production and delivery of courses.
Published in Chapter:
Strengthening the Internal Quality Assurance Mechanisms in Open and Distance Learning Systems
Felix Kayode Olakulehin (National Open University of Nigeria Victoria Island, Nigeria)
Copyright: © 2009 |Pages: 7
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch283
Abstract
The term quality is a difficult concept to define. The concept is easily misconstrued because of its rather nebulous characteristics. While many people have a fair idea as to what they construe the quality of a phenomenon or an object to be, they find it difficult to define the term. Dictionaries define quality as degree of excellence. This suggests that quality is not some kind of fixed, immutable target or destination that may be attained merely by striving sufficiently hard, but a dynamic or moving target whose attainment at each point in time is facilitated by a set of strategies that are themselves also dynamic(Ekhaguere, 2006). In industrial organizations, where the assembly line production format is popular, control measures are used by managers to ascertain and sustain the credibility and standard of the product being released into the market. According to Duncan (1978) there are two types of control measures for goal attainment –feedback control and preventive control. While the feedback control is based on the information from the end-users of a product regarding the performance of the product, after they must have obtained and made use of it; preventive control relies on preventive planning to minimize variance or deviation in the production process. Quality assurance is a component of the preventive control mechanisms which involves ensuring that all intermediate products in production process conform as much as possible to specifications. It is believed that the lack of variance in intermediate products guarantees final product quality, all things being equal.
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Chapter 7
Supporting Learners with Special Needs in Open and Distance Learning
It refers to education in which the instructors and learners are separated by place or time or both time and place, requiring learner-learner, leaner-instructor, learner-content interaction through technologies.
Published in Chapter: Supporting Learners with Special Needs in Open and Distance Learning; From: Managing and Designing Online Courses in Ubiquitous Learning Environments
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Chapter 11
Academic Motivation Within COVID-19 Isolation
It is a type of education that gives the opportunity to openness in the learning process and to distance learning by taking the learner to the center.
Published in Chapter: Academic Motivation Within COVID-19 Isolation; From: Motivation, Volition, and Engagement in Online Distance Learning
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Chapter 13
Innovative Learning Approach in the 21st Century: Personal Learning Environments
It is a formal learning system in which learners are separate from each other, where learners, learning resources and instructors are connected to each other through interactive communication systems.
Published in Chapter: Innovative Learning Approach in the 21st Century: Personal Learning Environments; From: Handbook of Research on Learning in the Age of Transhumanism
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Chapter 9
Design of Communication Environments in Career-Focused Learning Communities
Learning process in which learners are distant from each other and learning resources in terms of time and/or space, and their interactions with each other and learning resources are based on remote communication systems.
Published in Chapter: Design of Communication Environments in Career-Focused Learning Communities; From: Improving Scientific Communication for Lifelong Learners
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Chapter 9
Instructor Readiness for Open and Distance Learning in Turkey
A form of learning accessing learning environments and online classes without time and place restrictions in terms of formal, informal and nonformal situations.
Published in Chapter: Instructor Readiness for Open and Distance Learning in Turkey; From: Measurement Methodologies to Assess the Effectiveness of Global Online Learning
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Chapter 9
The State of Access in Open and Distance Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa
The acquisition of knowledge and skills through information and communication and technology (ICT), and other forms of learning at a distance ( Nyerere, 2016 ).
Published in Chapter: The State of Access in Open and Distance Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa; From: Open Access Implications for Sustainable Social, Political, and Economic Development
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Chapter 242
Postgraduate Degree by Distance Learning
Learning where learners have some flexibility and control as to when, where, and how they learn, balanced by structure and support from the educational provider.
Published in Chapter: Postgraduate Degree by Distance Learning; From: Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition
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