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What is Operationalization

Chapter 13
Handbook of Research on Teaching Methods in Language Translation and Interpretation
A method for defining how a phenomenon that is not directly measurable should be assessed. It is used to define a concept to make it clearly measurable.
Published in Chapter:
The ATA Flowchart and Framework as a Differentiated Error-Marking Scale in Translation Teaching
Geoffrey S. Koby (Kent State University, USA)
Copyright: © 2015 |Pages: 34
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-6615-3.ch013
Abstract
Translation evaluation remains problematic, with industry marking errors with points-off systems while teachers use points-off and rubrics. Many rubrics are not adequately operationalized. Needed is an error category and severity system sufficiently differentiated for useful feedback and streamlined to enable feedback to large numbers. The American Translators Association (ATA) Flowchart for Error Point Decisions and Framework for Standardized Error Marking has been adapted for the classroom. This chapter provides statistics on errors and severities marked in two groups: 63 translations by German>English graduate students marked by the author and 17 examinations from the 2006 ATA Certification Examination marked by ATA graders. The predominant categories assigned to students are Punctuation, Usage, Mistranslation, Addition, and Misunderstanding, while ATA papers show Misunderstanding, Omission, Terminology, Literalness, Ambiguity, Grammar, and Style. Misunderstanding rated as the most serious error for both. Transfer errors are more frequently marked and more severely rated than grammar or language errors.
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Chapter 5
The Role of Community Formation in Learning Processes
This method refers to the breaking down of key concepts related to online community behaviours into subcategories of observable patterns, which are subsequently associated to corresponding issues of research interests.
Published in Chapter: The Role of Community Formation in Learning Processes; From: Handbook of Research on Web 2.0 and Second Language Learning
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Chapter 9
Multilevel Theory Model Development and Dissemination
The transition of a construct (not directly observable) to a variable (observable).
Published in Chapter: Multilevel Theory Model Development and Dissemination; From: Scholarly Publishing and Research Methods Across Disciplines
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Chapter 14
Benchmarking Human Resource Information Systems
The process of converting concepts into specific observable indicators that can be measured. Operationalization is a key component of the scientific method as it ensures the reproducibility of (results of) experiments.
Published in Chapter: Benchmarking Human Resource Information Systems; From: Encyclopedia of Human Resources Information Systems: Challenges in e-HRM
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Chapter 28
A Survey on the Adoption and Usage of Broadband Internet
The process of measurement development or operationalization involves rules for assigning numbers to objects to represent quantities of attributes (Nunnally, 1978). The operationalization of variables requires the development of a statement or statements that specify the activities or operations used to measure a variable.
Published in Chapter: A Survey on the Adoption and Usage of Broadband Internet; From: Handbook of Research on Global Diffusion of Broadband Data Transmission
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Chapter 23
Developing Multilevel Models for Research
The transition of a construct (not directly observable) to a variable (observable).
Published in Chapter: Developing Multilevel Models for Research; From: Handbook of Research on Scholarly Publishing and Research Methods
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