What is P2I2

The last few decades—especially the end of 20th century and the beginning of 21st century—have shown an increase in the interest in automation of different activities. Automation is dependent in its core on sound functional software. The complexity of software development has increased significantly over the years. Articles showing the failure of projects in the software industry are not surprising. Standish Group (1994) reports show that about 53% of projects get completed, but they do not meet the cost and schedule requirements, and about 31% are canceled before the completion of the projects. These failure reports are significantly alarming. With the tremendous growth in the complexity of software development in the last 10 to 15 years, the management of risks in software engineering activities is becoming an important and nontrivial issue from three perspectives: project, process, and product. Therefore, researchers and practitioners are continually trying to find effective risk management approaches. This article should help the academicians, researchers, and practitioners interested in the area of risk management in software engineering to gain an overall understanding of the area.