What is Peer Review

1.

A method through which higher education experts and scholars evaluate the quality of an external institution’s product as part of an accreditation process. Learn more in: Global Accreditation for a Knowledge-Oriented Community: Foundational Change breeds Global Access to Educational and Economic Opportunity

2.

(in relation to course development) a process by which a Faculty member’s colleagues provide feedback on nominated aspects of a course’s design for the purpose of enhancing the quality of the course prior to the course being offered to students; informal peer review may occur through the adoption of team-based models of course development Learn more in: Quality Processes in Distance Education

3.

The process of evaluating the research projects or papers proposed to be published, by experts in the field of the paper. Usually the process of peer-review is blind (most commonly in evaluating research proposals)—the author not being informed of who is the reviewer for his paper—or double-blind (usually used for scientific papers in journals or books)—the authors has no idea who is the reviewer, and the reviewer has no knowledge of the identity of the author(s). Learn more in: From the Ethics of the Research Project to the Ethical Communication of Science: Particularities in the Social and Humanistic Fields

4.

Process in which people engaged in the same kind of work judge the quality of one’s work, comment on it, and make decisions on these judgements. Learn more in: The Social Order of Open Source Software Production

5.

A process by which experts evaluate and give a recommendation about the quality of scholarly work for publication. Learn more in: Faculty Development for Peer-Reviewed Digital Teaching Resources to Promote Inclusive Instruction

6.

The assessment of one’s work or performance by one or more people of similar competence (peers). In a MOOC environment peer review refers to the process in which a written assignment is assessed, rated and feedback is offered on it, by other learners (peers). Learn more in: Investigating Asynchronous Interaction Between MOOC Learners Through Forum Use and Peer Review

7.

Evaluation of teaching setting by another faculty member, which includes a pre-observation interview, a classroom (or teaching environment) observation, and post-observation interview. The relationship should be one that promotes discussion and development of teaching skills. Learn more in: Evaluating Teaching in Adult Education

8.

Evaluation of work by one or more people of similar competence. Learn more in: Open Access Initiatives and Institutional Repositories: An Overview

9.

“A classroom technique designed to help the student develop editing skills and a sense of authentic audience. The teacher first models a process of supportive critique that sets the tone for positive and useful comments. Students then read and review one another’s work in pairs or groups.” (NWP & Nagin, 2006, p. 27) Learn more in: Using an Online Discussion Board for Peer Review of Dissertation Writing For Ed.D. Students

10.

An approach used to provide peers (students) with feedback to improve their performance. Learn more in: Effects of Assessment Results on a Writing and Thinking Rubric

11.

Assessment of the merits of research contributions by esteemed members of the scientific community ('peers'). Peer review serves as the dominant evaluation method in a variety of evaluative contexts (publications, project proposals, applications for promotion and tenure, prizes and awards, etc.) Learn more in: Investigating Assessment Standards in the Netherlands, Italy, and the United Kingdom: Challenges for Responsible Research Evaluation

12.

Receiving and providing feedback to the co learners. In learning environment peer review help create learning community where learners learn from each other. Learn more in: Learners' Perception of Engagement in Online Learning

13.

is a process of subjecting an author’s scholarly work, research or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field. In unblind peer review the names are not shielded. In single-blind peer review the reviewers know the name of the author. In double-blind peer review neither the author nor the reviewers know each others’ identities. Learn more in: Expanded Collaborative Learning and Concept Mapping: A Road to Empowering Students in Classrooms

14.

Based on a critical analysis by learners of a product previously realized by peers. Usually the process includes three phases: during the first stage, learners are in charge of producing an artifact (a document, map, hypertext, etc.); in the second stage, they are asked to provide feedback to the work done by their colleagues; during the third phase, learners are asked to revise their original product on the basis of the received feedback. During the peer review, a reciprocal teaching approach is stressed, where one’s own interpretation of reality is to be compared with that of others. Unlike the Jigsaw technique, peer review is not associated with a specific social structure per se and can be orchestrated in different ways so that the reciprocal feedback can be provided either at the individual level or by pairs or even among groups. Furthermore, the review process may be organized in several ways: networked (any entity may provide feedback to any other entity), cyclical (entity A provides feedback to entity B, B to C, C to D, etc.), or reciprocal (entity A provides feedback to entity B, which in turns provides feedback to A). Learn more in: Fostering Collaboration in CSCL

15.

An evaluation process of contributed material where the participating authors perform the revision among each other. Learn more in: The Wit-Learning Methodology as a Means for Research Skills Acquisition: A Longitudinal Assessment

16.

The process of checking the work of one’s equals (peers) to ensure it meets specific criteria. Learn more in: Improving the Literacy Skills of Struggling Writers: The Role of Writing in RTI at the Secondary Level

17.

Faculty review of another faculty member’s online course either before or during launch of an online course. Learn more in: Addressing Discrepancies in Faculty and Student Perceptions of the Quality and Rigor of Online Courses