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What is Phenomenology

Chapter 2
Socio-Cultural Influences on Teenage Pregnancy and Contemporary Prevention Measures
Phenomenology is a type of qualitative research focused on gaining an understanding of the human behaviors through the eyes of the participants in the study. Phenomenology is inspired by the phenomenon of human consciousness and is a reflective analysis of the life-world experiences.
Published in Chapter:
A Methodological Consideration and Methodological Design Suitable to Examine Teenage Pregnancy
Melissa Jordan (Middle Georgia State University, USA)
Copyright: © 2019 |Pages: 10
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6108-8.ch002
Abstract
Teen pregnancy can be a sensitive topic, and understanding how to capture significant, rich, and robust information from this unique population will depend on the research methodological design implemented by the researcher. Understanding the unique challenges faced by teenage mothers and developing strategies for them to overcome these challenges will likely improve their educational and social experiences in the future. It can also deter teenagers from future practices that could lead to risky behaviors resulting in teenage motherhood. There are several methodological research designs that can be used to examine teen pregnancy. This chapter will discuss phenomenological methods and why they could be considered the best suited in understanding this phenomenon.
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Chapter 9
Distance Education Experiences of First-Year Undergraduate Students: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Phenomenology is a research method that deals with what people perceive, understand and experience in relation to the phenomena they encounter in the universe they live in.
Published in Chapter: Distance Education Experiences of First-Year Undergraduate Students: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis; From: Methodological Innovations in Research and Academic Writing
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Chapter 14
The Destructuring of Time in Psychosis
Philosophical current that is dedicated to the analysis and study of the lived phenomena, the experiences, and the contents of the conscience.
Published in Chapter: The Destructuring of Time in Psychosis; From: Managing Screen Time in an Online Society
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Chapter 27
Understanding and Using Virtual Ethnography in Virtual Environments
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Chapter 12
Understanding Traditional Healing Practices in the Limpopo Province of South Africa: A Phenomenological Approach
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Chapter 5
Ethico-Phenomenological Appraisal of Religion and Development in Africa
Phenomenology is the study of “phenomena” such as appearances of things, or things as they appear in our experience, or the ways we experience things, thus the meanings things have in our experience. Phenomenology studies conscious experience as experienced from the subjective or first-person point of view.
Published in Chapter: Ethico-Phenomenological Appraisal of Religion and Development in Africa; From: Phenomenological Approaches to Religion and Spirituality
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Chapter 2
Critical Language Pedagogy in Scotland: The Case of Gaelic Medium Education
Qualitative research approach that focuses on the lived experiences of a specific group.
Published in Chapter: Critical Language Pedagogy in Scotland: The Case of Gaelic Medium Education; From: Indigenous Language Acquisition, Maintenance, and Loss and Current Language Policies
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Chapter 10
Escape, Confrontation, and Possibilities: Toward a Visual/Filmic Epistemology
A qualitative methodology that employs close attention to experience with particular phenomena through unstructured interviews and, when possible, observations.
Published in Chapter: Escape, Confrontation, and Possibilities: Toward a Visual/Filmic Epistemology; From: Affordances of Film for Literacy Instruction
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Chapter 4
Servant Leadership and Job Satisfaction: A Qualitative Study in the Chinese Healthcare Context
The research method to investigate the lived experience, with a purpose to disclose the essential meaning of human endeavors.
Published in Chapter: Servant Leadership and Job Satisfaction: A Qualitative Study in the Chinese Healthcare Context; From: Servant Leadership Styles and Strategic Decision Making
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Chapter 11
Determination of Preschool Teacher Candidates' Views on the Learning Management System Used in the COVID-19 Pandemic Process
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Chapter 6
Authorial Work With Film
A qualitative methodology that employs close attention to experience with particular phenomena through unstructured interviews and, when possible, observations.
Published in Chapter: Authorial Work With Film; From: Affordances of Film for Literacy Instruction
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Chapter 7
Film and Representation
A qualitative methodology that employs close attention to experience with particular phenomena through unstructured interviews and, when possible, observations.
Published in Chapter: Film and Representation; From: Affordances of Film for Literacy Instruction
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Chapter 15
Toward the Freedom of the Human Spirit: Re-Searching and the Role of Leadership and Education
A movement initiated by Edmund Husserl, who defined phenomenology as a transcendental-idealist philosophy. A German mathematician and philosopher, he believed that truth-in-itself has as ontological correlate being-in-itself. In general, phenomenology is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness. Sherman M. Stanage, specifically, spoke to the theory, directions, and research for adult education (1987) within his constitutive phenomenological approach. He addresses the four fundamental questions of philosophy (i.e., Who am I? What can I know? What ought I do? and What may I hope?) and delineates ways in which individual adults can realize their fullest growth potential and the role educators are to play in this teaching and learning process.
Published in Chapter: Toward the Freedom of the Human Spirit: Re-Searching and the Role of Leadership and Education; From: Handbook of Research on Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
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Chapter 5
New Paradigms: A Collaborative Web Based Research Tool
A method of inquiry based around the exploration, description and analysis of a particular phenomenon, untainted by presupposed theories, beliefs and assumptions.
Published in Chapter: New Paradigms: A Collaborative Web Based Research Tool; From: Handbook of Research on Digital Information Technologies: Innovations, Methods, and Ethical Issues
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Chapter 3
The Socratic Guide on My Side: The Epistemic Function of Learning and Our Need for Guides
The understanding of human experience or consciousness of a reality as experienced from a first-person point of view.
Published in Chapter: The Socratic Guide on My Side: The Epistemic Function of Learning and Our Need for Guides; From: Self-Directed Learning and the Academic Evolution From Pedagogy to Andragogy
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Chapter 6
Distance Technologies and the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics in the Era of MOOC
A detailed description (such as the essential features or structures) of a specific experience from a first-person perspective.
Published in Chapter: Distance Technologies and the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics in the Era of MOOC; From: Handbook of Research on Transforming Mathematics Teacher Education in the Digital Age
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Chapter 6
Towards a Theory of Learned Technological Helplessness
A qualitative research technique that examines phenomena from the perspective of the person experiencing it.
Published in Chapter: Towards a Theory of Learned Technological Helplessness; From: Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technologies and Adult Education Integration
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Chapter 4
Film and the Layers of Literacy Affordance
A qualitative methodology that employs close attention to experience with particular phenomena through unstructured interviews and, when possible, observations.
Published in Chapter: Film and the Layers of Literacy Affordance; From: Affordances of Film for Literacy Instruction
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Chapter 21
Using Qualitative Methods to Evaluate Distance Education: A Case Study
The structure and essence of how people describe things and experience them through their senses.
Published in Chapter: Using Qualitative Methods to Evaluate Distance Education: A Case Study; From: Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technologies and Adult Education Integration
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Chapter 8
Exploring Collective Leadership and Co-Production: An Empirical Study
Is a type of qualitative research that focuses on the study of lived experience, with the general aim to understand and describe a particular phenomenon. Phenomenologists assume that knowledge and understanding are developed through the interaction of the researcher and participant, rendering them subjective, inductive, and dynamic.
Published in Chapter: Exploring Collective Leadership and Co-Production: An Empirical Study; From: Processual Perspectives on the Co-Production Turn in Public Sector Organizations
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Chapter 15
Examining Confinement Beyond Bars From Philosophical and Practical Perspectives: Free v Confined III
The study of human consciousness and how individuals perceive and make sense of the world around them.
Published in Chapter: Examining Confinement Beyond Bars From Philosophical and Practical Perspectives: Free v Confined III; From: Bioethics of Displacement and Its Implications
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Chapter 111
Strategic Leadership in Times of Crisis
“The study of lived experience… Lived experience is the starting point and end point of phenomenological research” (Van Manen, 1990, p. 9, 36).
Published in Chapter: Strategic Leadership in Times of Crisis; From: Encyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management
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Chapter 20
A Phenomenological Study of Learner's Virtual Place Experience
A philosophical inquiry into human beings' existence and lived experience.
Published in Chapter: A Phenomenological Study of Learner's Virtual Place Experience; From: Handbook of Research on Inclusive and Innovative Architecture and the Built Environment
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Chapter 6
Application and Contribution of Hermeneutic and Eidetic Phenomenology to Indigenous Knowledge Research
Broadly refers to a philosophical movement and a variety of research approaches including eidetic phenomenology, hermeneutic phenomenology and dialogical phenomenology.
Published in Chapter: Application and Contribution of Hermeneutic and Eidetic Phenomenology to Indigenous Knowledge Research; From: Handbook of Research on Theoretical Perspectives on Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Developing Countries
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Chapter 30
Philosophy of Web-Based Mediation
A method or procedure, originally developed by the German philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), which involves the setting aside of presuppositions about a phenomenon as an empirical object and about the mental acts concerned with experiencing it, in order to achieve an intuition of its pure essence.
Published in Chapter: Philosophy of Web-Based Mediation; From: Handbook of Research on Digital Information Technologies: Innovations, Methods, and Ethical Issues
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Chapter 731
A Scientist-Poet's Account of Ontology in Information Science
The philosophical methodology that, depending on the school, focuses on human perception as the stepping stone for or primary means by which we can understand reality.
Published in Chapter: A Scientist-Poet's Account of Ontology in Information Science; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 6
A Bird's Eye View of Qualitative Research
A qualitative research method that focuses on exploring and understanding the essence of human experience and meaning making.
Published in Chapter: A Bird's Eye View of Qualitative Research; From: Methodologies and Ethics for Social Sciences Research
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Chapter 4
Towards a Social Dramaturgy of Digital Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Romania: A Qualitative Discourse Analysis
Philosophical paradigm also used in the sphere of sociology and which designates exactly the intersubjective experiences between individuals.
Published in Chapter: Towards a Social Dramaturgy of Digital Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Romania: A Qualitative Discourse Analysis; From: Basic Communication and Assessment Prerequisites for the New Normal of Education
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Chapter 20
Corporeal Architecture: A Methodology to Teach Interior Design and Architecture With a Focus on Embodiment
Philosophy developed by Edmund Husserl as the study of essences and continued by Maurice Merleau-Ponty as the study of perception.
Published in Chapter: Corporeal Architecture: A Methodology to Teach Interior Design and Architecture With a Focus on Embodiment; From: Handbook of Research on Methodologies for Design and Production Practices in Interior Architecture
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Chapter 21
Using UDL in Graduate Programs in Education to Erode Pedagogical Tension and Contradictions: Doing What We Preach
Phenomenology, or Interpretivist Theory, is a paradigm which is preoccupied with the exploration of subjective constructs of reality which are crafted by individuals through their lived experience with a phenomenon. The observation and analysis of these subjective constructs of reality become a worthy subject of scientific rigour, since they enable the researcher to gain a better understanding of individuals’ interactions with the world and between each other.
Published in Chapter: Using UDL in Graduate Programs in Education to Erode Pedagogical Tension and Contradictions: Doing What We Preach; From: Handbook of Research on Applying Universal Design for Learning Across Disciplines: Concepts, Case Studies, and Practical Implementation
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Chapter 36
Interpreting Game-Play Through Existential Ludology
A twentieth-century philosophical movement concerned with the question of how phenomena appear to human consciousness. Although the term has been used since the eighteenth century, it was not until Edmund Husserl systematized this descriptive method of creating objective structures for subjective observations that phenomenology gained traction as its own scientific movement.
Published in Chapter: Interpreting Game-Play Through Existential Ludology; From: Handbook of Research on Effective Electronic Gaming in Education
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Chapter 2
Out of Our Minds: Ontology and Embodied Media in a Post-Human Paradigm
A philosophical approach initialized by Edmund Husserl to study the perception of events and how consciousness corresponds to it.
Published in Chapter: Out of Our Minds: Ontology and Embodied Media in a Post-Human Paradigm; From: Handbook of Research on the Global Impacts and Roles of Immersive Media
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Chapter 12
Writing in Times of Crisis: A Theoretical Model for Understanding Genre Formation
Epistemological study of the impact of positionality on consciousness.
Published in Chapter: Writing in Times of Crisis: A Theoretical Model for Understanding Genre Formation; From: Rhetoric and Sociolinguistics in Times of Global Crisis
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Chapter 6
Moving From Postmodernism to Metamodernism
A scientific approach that concentrates on experience and consciousness.
Published in Chapter: Moving From Postmodernism to Metamodernism; From: Metamodernism and Changing Literacy: Emerging Research and Opportunities
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Chapter 1
A History of Film as Method
A qualitative methodology that employs close attention to experience with particular phenomena through unstructured interviews and, when possible, observations.
Published in Chapter: A History of Film as Method; From: Affordances of Film for Literacy Instruction
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Chapter 19
Bring the Media Literacy of Turkish Pre-Service Teachers to the Table
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Chapter 15
The Power of Metaphor in Bringing Clarity for Learners in Learner-Centered Design
Phenomenology is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness. As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany. Contemporary authors such as Max van Manen have used phenomenology in developing understanding of patient needs in the field of medicine and health studies.
Published in Chapter: The Power of Metaphor in Bringing Clarity for Learners in Learner-Centered Design; From: Handbook of Research on Learner-Centered Pedagogy in Teacher Education and Professional Development
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Chapter 7
Digitalization of K-12 Teacher Training: Reforming Professional Development Practices
A qualitative technique utilizing interviews, questionnaires, and/or observations to understand a subject’s experience within a certain context.
Published in Chapter: Digitalization of K-12 Teacher Training: Reforming Professional Development Practices; From: Handbook of Research on Barriers for Teaching 21st-Century Competencies and the Impact of Digitalization
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Chapter 8
Banding Organization, Management, and Leadership Theories to Identify Managerial Strategies
A methodology for exploring human experiences in management studies, as well as other disciplines.
Published in Chapter: Banding Organization, Management, and Leadership Theories to Identify Managerial Strategies; From: Handbook of Research on Emerging Business Models and Managerial Strategies in the Nonprofit Sector
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Chapter 17
International Service-Learning: Study Abroad and Global Citizenship Development in a Post-Disaster Locale
The study of experience and consciousness, which seeks to understand how people make sense of their experience and to ‘discover’ the essence of a phenomenon.
Published in Chapter: International Service-Learning: Study Abroad and Global Citizenship Development in a Post-Disaster Locale; From: Handbook of Research on Study Abroad Programs and Outbound Mobility
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Chapter 5
“Intertwined Lives”: Narratives of Children With Disabilities and Their Siblings
A qualitative research approach that aims to uncover and document the lived experiences of participants.
Published in Chapter: “Intertwined Lives”: Narratives of Children With Disabilities and Their Siblings; From: Handbook of Research on Psychosocial Perspectives of Human Communication Disorders
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Chapter 5
A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of School Social Workers and Counselors: Sexual Abuse Trauma and Intervention in Schools
The way people construct meaning to the world. It is how people do what they do, how they look at the world and who they reflect on their experiences.
Published in Chapter: A Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of School Social Workers and Counselors: Sexual Abuse Trauma and Intervention in Schools; From: Phenomenological Studies in Education
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Chapter 13
Stay Gold: An Intergenerational LGBTQIA+ Arts Program
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Chapter 25
Web Log Analysis: Diversity of Research Methodologies
An interpretive methodology that examines users’ behavior.
Published in Chapter: Web Log Analysis: Diversity of Research Methodologies; From: Handbook of Research on Web Log Analysis
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Chapter 57
Who has the Ultimate Control?
Philosophy where our experience of reality is viewed as one total phenomenon rather than seeing aspects such as subjects and objects.
Published in Chapter: Who has the Ultimate Control?; From: Handbook of Research on E-Learning Applications for Career and Technical Education: Technologies for Vocational Training
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Chapter 63
Inciting Grassroots Change
The study of human experience from a first-person point of view. Researchers typically conduct interviews with people who have experienced the phenomenon under investigation. They ask questions that are open-ended and non-directive in order to understand as much as possible about the raw experience, rather than what the individual thought about the experience.
Published in Chapter: Inciting Grassroots Change; From: Encyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management
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Chapter 6
Turning Weakness into Strength: How to Learn From an IT Security Incident
Phenomenology is the qualitative research method presented in this chapter. Phenomenology is a research process that is focused on the unique lived experiences of participants using creative methods and processes to collect and analyze data ( Van Manen, 2014 ; Gigori, 2009 AU33: The in-text citation "Gigori, 2009" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ). Phenomenology in relation to the work presented in this chapter is a multipart process that starts with an epoche in order to identify and be aware of bias and includes the phenomenological reduction in which data is broken down and then reconstructed in order to answer the scope of the project with the discovered conclusions.
Published in Chapter: Turning Weakness into Strength: How to Learn From an IT Security Incident; From: Handbook of Research on Individualism and Identity in the Globalized Digital Age
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