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What is Policy

Chapter 1
Examining the Socio-Technical Impact of Smart Cities
A general guideline which provides clear direction to formulate specific programs.
Published in Chapter:
Collaborative Governance: A New Paradigm Shift for the Smart Cities
Gedifew Sewenet Yigzaw (Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 35
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5326-8.ch001
Abstract
In this 21st century, collaborative governance has got a great attention to resolve socio-economic problems and assure sustainable development goals. It is a new form of governance in which multi-stakeholders, such as the public agencies, private sectors, civil society organizations and international public organizations are working together to build trust in government, resolve societal challenges, assure economic prosperity and development, and bring institutional transformation. This book chapter describes the theoretical and conceptual perspectives of collaborative governance. The author believed that giving some insights on the collaborative governance; conceptual understanding, the dynamics and importance of collaborative governance for building the smart cities, its nexus with development, and measurement parameters for checking its effectiveness, could produce a theoretical and conceptual asset for the other authors who want to make an in-depth investigation on the areas of governance.
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Chapter 8
COVID-19 and Policy Responses to Tourism Entrepreneurship: A Literature Review
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Chapter 21
Mitigating Security Risks in Web Service Invocations: Contract-Based Approaches
A policy is a security requirement that a consumer wants to apply to a service execution.
Published in Chapter: Mitigating Security Risks in Web Service Invocations: Contract-Based Approaches; From: Handbook of Research on Architectural Trends in Service-Driven Computing
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Chapter 467
Organizational Aspects of Cyberloafing
A set of behavioral and procedural written rules that a company drafts as guidelines for its employees.
Published in Chapter: Organizational Aspects of Cyberloafing; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition
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Chapter 13
Gender and National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policies in Africa
The course of an action of those in power, governments or official institution, party and sectors. Policy includes vision, goals, principles and plans that guide the activities of different sectors.
Published in Chapter: Gender and National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policies in Africa; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 36
Positioning Library and Information Services for User Satisfaction through ICT Policy Formulation in Nigeria
This is an articulated, deliberate plan of action, principles Local content: which encapsulates over all goals, aims as well as strategies for achieving rational outcome.
Published in Chapter: Positioning Library and Information Services for User Satisfaction through ICT Policy Formulation in Nigeria; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 9
Network Security Policy Automation: Enterprise Use Cases and Methodologies
A broad term that could refer to high level IT policies that support business objectives, detailed technical and procedural requirements for specific areas of IT, or anything in between.
Published in Chapter: Network Security Policy Automation: Enterprise Use Cases and Methodologies; From: Emerging Automation Techniques for the Future Internet
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Chapter 18
ICT Policies in Developing Countries: Objectives, Issues and Influencing Factors
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Chapter 20
Creating a Security Education, Training, and Awareness Program
The information security policies are the high-level documents that define the security goals, approach, and strategies of the organization.
Published in Chapter: Creating a Security Education, Training, and Awareness Program; From: Handbook of Research on Social and Organizational Liabilities in Information Security
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Chapter 11
Language Policy Execution: The Case of South African Universities
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Chapter 5
Challenges and Opportunities of Learning Management System Integration From a Zimbabwean University Perspective
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Chapter 11
An Information Security Model for Implementing the New ISO 27001
The policy provides the overall intention, direction, principles and values of an organization in accordance to stakeholders’, legal, regulatory and standard requirements and the characteristics of the business, the organization, its location, assets and resources. It is a framework for setting objectives and measuring their achievement.
Published in Chapter: An Information Security Model for Implementing the New ISO 27001; From: Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments in Data Privacy
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Chapter 9
Organic Food Production and Consumption Policies and Strategies
Is an activity oriented ideologically to the decision-making of a group to achieve certain objectives.
Published in Chapter: Organic Food Production and Consumption Policies and Strategies; From: Mapping, Managing, and Crafting Sustainable Business Strategies for the Circular Economy
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Chapter 1
US Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations: Current Trends and Recommendations for Improvement
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual.
Published in Chapter: US Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations: Current Trends and Recommendations for Improvement; From: Global Perspectives on Information Security Regulations: Compliance, Controls, and Assurance
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Chapter 18
Learning From Abroad on SIM Card Registration Policy: The Case of Malawi
Government activities that are aimed at addressing social challenges and are executed through programs, processes, and politics.
Published in Chapter: Learning From Abroad on SIM Card Registration Policy: The Case of Malawi; From: Handbook of Research on Technology Integration in the Global World
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Chapter 29
Information Security Policies: Precepts and Practices
Policy is a set of rules. They’re the dos and the don’ts of information security, again, within the framework of the philosophy.
Published in Chapter: Information Security Policies: Precepts and Practices; From: Handbook of Research on Information Security and Assurance
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Chapter 31
Library Photocopy Policies
A plan of action agreed upon or chosen by a political party or business.
Published in Chapter: Library Photocopy Policies; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 8
Prospects and Challenges of Social Studies Teachers Professional Development in Nigeria
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Chapter 14
Gender Digital Divide and National ICT Policies in Africa
Is a programme of actions adopted by a person, group, or government or a set of principles; it may be written o unwritten.
Published in Chapter: Gender Digital Divide and National ICT Policies in Africa; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 23
Organic Food Production and Consumption Policies and Strategies
Is an activity oriented ideologically to the decision-making of a group to achieve certain objectives.
Published in Chapter: Organic Food Production and Consumption Policies and Strategies; From: Handbook of Research on Reinventing Economies and Organizations Following a Global Health Crisis
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Chapter 2
Optimizing Supply Chains Through System Dynamics Modelling and Simulation: Lessons From the Navy
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Chapter 2
Effectiveness of Reference Models for Knowledge Organization Systems: A Cross-Analysis of Requirements
Written statement, authorized by the KOS management, that describes the approach to be taken by the KOS for the management of information/knowledge. An example is the Preservation policy that describes the approach to be taken by the KOS for the preservation of objects accessioned into the KOS ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2011 , p. 1-4, adapted).
Published in Chapter: Effectiveness of Reference Models for Knowledge Organization Systems: A Cross-Analysis of Requirements; From: Handbook of Research on Knowledge and Organization Systems in Library and Information Science
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Chapter 8
Australia's Government Policy and Broadband Internet Access
A set of government activities, which can be broadly characterized as regulations, national strategies/initiatives, and funding programs.
Published in Chapter: Australia's Government Policy and Broadband Internet Access; From: Handbook of Research on Global Diffusion of Broadband Data Transmission
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Chapter 39
Research Policies for Information and Communication Technologies in Europe
A policy is typically described as a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s). However the term may also be used to denote what is actually done, even though it is unplanned.
Published in Chapter: Research Policies for Information and Communication Technologies in Europe; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 43
Telecommunications Policy in Nigeria
A governing principle, plan, course of action adopted by government or corporate body.
Published in Chapter: Telecommunications Policy in Nigeria; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 7
Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, Livelihoods, and Gender Configurations in Zimbabwe
The alternatives that governments chose in order to deal with a specific problem that affects communities.
Published in Chapter: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions, Livelihoods, and Gender Configurations in Zimbabwe; From: Handbook of Research on In-Country Determinants and Implications of Foreign Land Acquisitions
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Chapter 43
Telecommunications Policy in Nigeria
A policy if a deliberate plan of action intended to guide decision.
Published in Chapter: Telecommunications Policy in Nigeria; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 215
Components of a Distance Education Evaluation System
“Policy as a chain of decisions stretching from the statehouse to the classroom is a by-product of [many] games and relationships; no one is responsible for the whole thing” (Firestone, as cited by Fowler, 2000 ).
Published in Chapter: Components of a Distance Education Evaluation System; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 25
Information Security Policies
A statement of agreed positions or plan e.g. information security policy.
Published in Chapter: Information Security Policies; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 16
ICT Policy Development Process in Africa
A policy is typically described as a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s).
Published in Chapter: ICT Policy Development Process in Africa; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 7
Developing an Internet and Intranet Usage Policy for a Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa
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Chapter 494
Policy Options for E-Education in Nigeria
An overarching plan of action developed for the achievement of a set of goals.
Published in Chapter: Policy Options for E-Education in Nigeria; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition
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Chapter 6
Economic Crisis in Colombia Due to COVID-19: From Pandemic to Post-Pandemic Actions
Set of plans/ideas followed by governments, business, interest groups, etc.
Published in Chapter: Economic Crisis in Colombia Due to COVID-19: From Pandemic to Post-Pandemic Actions; From: Handbook of Research on Global Networking Post COVID-19
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Chapter 9
Revisiting Governance Theories for Understanding ESG and Sustainability Nexus
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Chapter 1
Criteria for the Implementation of Learning Technologies
A plan of action adopted by a government or ministry.
Published in Chapter: Criteria for the Implementation of Learning Technologies; From: Handbook of Research on Web 2.0 and Second Language Learning
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Chapter 6
Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Using Blockchain in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Policy and Regulatory Framework
A set of ideas or plan for action adopted and implemented by any government entities to govern and rule one sector or particular situation.
Published in Chapter: Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Using Blockchain in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Policy and Regulatory Framework; From: Energy Transition in the African Economy Post 2050
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Chapter 47
The Nigerian National Information Technology (IT) Policy
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Chapter 18
A Process Architecture Approach to Manage Health Process Reforms
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Chapter 14
Organizing for Innovation in the Armed Forces: A Logical Thinking Process Approach
A policy is a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.
Published in Chapter: Organizing for Innovation in the Armed Forces: A Logical Thinking Process Approach; From: Global Perspectives on Military Entrepreneurship and Innovation
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Chapter 5
Contemporary Leadership Styles and Challenges for Governance
Refers to guidelines as issued by the governance.
Published in Chapter: Contemporary Leadership Styles and Challenges for Governance; From: Global Trends in Governance and Policy Paradigms
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Chapter 14
Advancing a Framework for Entrepreneurship Development in a Bioeconomy
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization or individual
Published in Chapter: Advancing a Framework for Entrepreneurship Development in a Bioeconomy; From: Handbook of Research on Nascent Entrepreneurship and Creating New Ventures
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Chapter 26
Integration of Policies and Regulatory Frameworks for the Convergent ICT Industry in Nigeria
A policy is typically described as a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s).
Published in Chapter: Integration of Policies and Regulatory Frameworks for the Convergent ICT Industry in Nigeria; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 534
Sectoral Analysis of ICT Use in Nigeria
A plan of action to guide decisions and actions. The term may apply to government, private sector organizations and groups, and individuals.
Published in Chapter: Sectoral Analysis of ICT Use in Nigeria; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition
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Chapter 9
Context-Aware Cloud Computing for Personal Learning Environment
A policy is a predetermined action pattern that is repeated by an entity whenever certain system conditions appear.
Published in Chapter: Context-Aware Cloud Computing for Personal Learning Environment; From: Handbook of Research on Cloud-Based STEM Education for Improved Learning Outcomes
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Chapter 4
Youth Participation in Politics: The Case of Zambian University Students
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Chapter 11
Transfer Learning
the mechanism by which a reinforcement-learning agent chooses which action to execute next.
Published in Chapter: Transfer Learning; From: Handbook of Research on Machine Learning Applications and Trends: Algorithms, Methods, and Techniques
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Chapter 10
Critical Issues Surrounding Competency-Based Education in the Digital Age: The “Wickedness Narrative of the Problem”
A set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, a government, or a political party.
Published in Chapter: Critical Issues Surrounding Competency-Based Education in the Digital Age: The “Wickedness Narrative of the Problem”; From: Competence-Based Curriculum and E-Learning in Higher Education
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Chapter 18
A Process Architecture Approach to Manage Health Process Reforms
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Chapter 22
Security and Trust in a Global Research Infrastructure
In the context of this chapter, a policy is a published statement describing any or all of infrastructure, community, participants, methods, obligations, requirements, jurisdictions, etc., sufficient for a participant to determine the trustworthiness of the publisher. For example, a federation of identity providers (a special case of the hub in section 3) may have a policy that all users shall have individual identity tokens (i.e. tokens must not be shared.) Some identity providers (i.e. token issuers) within the federation may further require that the tokens carry a reasonable resemblance of the token owner’s name. The policy of the federation, and possibly the individual providers, should be sufficient for a resource provider to determine the LoA (see above) of the federation and whether it is sufficient; possibly they will accept tokens only from the providers that issue named tokens. Of course, it is necessary that a participant with a policy follow the policy – an audit may be required to assuage the resource provider.
Published in Chapter: Security and Trust in a Global Research Infrastructure; From: Handbook of Research on Computational Science and Engineering: Theory and Practice
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Chapter 78
Educational Innovations in Nigeria: Planning, Reasons for Failure, and Prospects
This means a definite course or method of action selected from available alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions.
Published in Chapter: Educational Innovations in Nigeria: Planning, Reasons for Failure, and Prospects; From: Handbook of Research on Education and Technology in a Changing Society
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Chapter 2
Characteristic and Agentic Qualities of Women Leaders Amidst Global Crises: Lessons for Higher Education
Is a course of principled action proposed and/or formally adopted by an institution, collective group, or individual.
Published in Chapter: Characteristic and Agentic Qualities of Women Leaders Amidst Global Crises: Lessons for Higher Education; From: Women and Leadership in Higher Education During Global Crises
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Chapter 2
Public-Private Partnership as a Strategy for Infrastructure Development
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Chapter 3
Barriers and Impact of the Digital Economy
Refers to guidelines as issued by the governance.
Published in Chapter: Barriers and Impact of the Digital Economy; From: Strengthening Sustainable Digitalization of Asian Economy and Society
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Chapter 2
Entrepreneurship Policies for Knowledge Economies: Policy Aspects
It is a plan or course of action, of an enterprise, which is intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters to achieve certain goal / solution.
Published in Chapter: Entrepreneurship Policies for Knowledge Economies: Policy Aspects; From: Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary Knowledge-Based Global Economy
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Chapter 8
Industrial and Urban Growth Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa Compared
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Chapter 3
An Information Governance Policy Is Required for My Institution, What to Do?: Practical Method and Tool Enabling Efficient Management for Corporate Information Assets
A document setting out the guidelines for the various legal, regulatory, normative, and ethical requirements of an area of activity, and identifying the main actors involved in the implementation of governance.
Published in Chapter: An Information Governance Policy Is Required for My Institution, What to Do?: Practical Method and Tool Enabling Efficient Management for Corporate Information Assets; From: Diverse Applications and Transferability of Maturity Models
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Chapter 8
Entrepreneurship Approach to Higher Education Policy Aspects
It is a plan or course of action, of a government, institution, political party, or enterprise, which is intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters.
Published in Chapter: Entrepreneurship Approach to Higher Education Policy Aspects; From: Handbook of Research on Higher Education in the MENA Region: Policy and Practice
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Chapter 3
Factors Creating Competitive Advantage for Family-Owned Business
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Chapter 30
Liberalization of Telecommunications Sector
A plan or course of action intended to regulate conduct of individuals, organizations, etc.
Published in Chapter: Liberalization of Telecommunications Sector; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 32
Telecommunication Management Protocols
Policy is the ability to define conditions for accepting, rejecting and notifying routes according to the actual information.
Published in Chapter: Telecommunication Management Protocols; From: Handbook of Research on Telecommunications Planning and Management for Business
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Chapter 4
Global University Rankings in European Higher Education Policy and Practice: Institutional and National Responses From Slovenia and the Netherlands
A set of official agreements or a plan adopted by an organization, such as the EU at the supranational level, the government at the national level or the university at the institutional level.
Published in Chapter: Global University Rankings in European Higher Education Policy and Practice: Institutional and National Responses From Slovenia and the Netherlands; From: University-Industry Collaboration Strategies in the Digital Era
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Chapter 1
An Interdisciplinary Inquiry Into Sustainable Supply Chain Management
A set of rules adapted by an organization such as a company or government to maintain and further its organizational objectives.
Published in Chapter: An Interdisciplinary Inquiry Into Sustainable Supply Chain Management; From: Handbook of Research on Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Development
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Chapter 11
Adaptive Principal Component Analysis-Based Outliers Detection Through Neighborhood Voting in Wireless Sensor Networks
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Chapter 19
Disruptions to the Workplace Exploring the Policies and Legal Cases of Online Sexual Harassment: Policies and Laws About Online Sexual Harassment
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Chapter 28
Distributed Learning Algorithm Applications to the Scheduling of Wireless Sensor Networks
Defines the learning agent's way of behaving at a given time. a policy is a mapping from perceived states of the environment to actions to be taken when in those states.
Published in Chapter: Distributed Learning Algorithm Applications to the Scheduling of Wireless Sensor Networks; From: Handbook of Research on Novel Soft Computing Intelligent Algorithms: Theory and Practical Applications
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Chapter 13
Effect of National Culture on Development of International Business in the Sultanate of Oman
A definite course of action adopted for the sake of expediency, facility, and pursued by a government, ruler, political party, business, etc.
Published in Chapter: Effect of National Culture on Development of International Business in the Sultanate of Oman; From: Handbook of Research on Global Business Opportunities
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Chapter 40
Role of Social Culture in Evaluation of Internet Policies: The Case of Everyday and Resistant Culture in Greece
A set of long-term and multi-faced decision plans made by state and other policy authorities, aiming to address various aspects and challenges of social living.
Published in Chapter: Role of Social Culture in Evaluation of Internet Policies: The Case of Everyday and Resistant Culture in Greece; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 2
Universal Design for Learning: Accessible Learning Environments and School Development
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Chapter 16
The Role of Industrial Development in Nigeria's Transformation From Oil to Cities: The Case of Birnin Kebbi
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Chapter 2
Patient Advocacy and the Policy Making Process
Rules to direct behaviors in specific sectors or areas of intervention, established by a government body, called policymaker, invested of the authority to set such rules. The policymakers can be supranational (e.g., the EU Parliament), national (e.g., national Parliaments and Governments), bureaucratic (e.g., departments), sectoral (e.g., utilities regulators), regional or local (e.g., regional or local councils, regional or local healthcare authorities).
Published in Chapter: Patient Advocacy and the Policy Making Process; From: Managing Patients' Organizations to Improve Healthcare: Emerging Research and Opportunities
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Chapter 8
Plastic Pollution and Its Remedies: An Indian Scenario
Plan or principle of action adopted or proposed by an individual, organization, or government.
Published in Chapter: Plastic Pollution and Its Remedies: An Indian Scenario; From: Handbook of Research on Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Plastic Pollution
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Chapter 1
The Syndemic and One Health Nature of Pandemics: Arguments for Renewed Attention to Intelligence Management
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Chapter 4
OMACS: A Framework for Adaptive, Complex Systems
A specification of desired system behavior that can be used to specify either (1) what the system should do or (2) what the system should not do.
Published in Chapter: OMACS: A Framework for Adaptive, Complex Systems; From: Handbook of Research on Multi-Agent Systems: Semantics and Dynamics of Organizational Models
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Chapter 33
Organizational Password Policy
A deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s).
Published in Chapter: Organizational Password Policy; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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Chapter 30
Online Adult Education: Policy, Access, Completion and Equity
It is typically described as a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. Each university has a set of policies in terms of E-learning.
Published in Chapter: Online Adult Education: Policy, Access, Completion and Equity; From: Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technologies and Adult Education Integration
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Chapter 9
Knowledge Sharing in an Organisation: A Practitioner Approach
The formal principles adopted by organisations to guide decision-making and action.
Published in Chapter: Knowledge Sharing in an Organisation: A Practitioner Approach; From: Current Issues and Trends in Knowledge Management, Discovery, and Transfer
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Chapter 8
ONAP: An Open Source Toolkit for Zero Touch Automation
Is a set of rules defining actions to be executed. Typical policies include placement policies, scaling policies, or QoS-related policies.
Published in Chapter: ONAP: An Open Source Toolkit for Zero Touch Automation; From: Design Innovation and Network Architecture for the Future Internet
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Chapter 151
Learning-Based Planning
Mapping between the world states and the preferred action to be executed in order to achieve a given set of goals.
Published in Chapter: Learning-Based Planning; From: Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence
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Chapter 1
Educational Changes and Teacher Identity in Tanzania: Implications for Industrial Development
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Chapter 171
Developing an Effective Online Evaluation System
“Policy as a chain of decisions stretching from the statehouse to the classroom is a by-product of [many] games and relationships; no one is responsible for the whole thing” (Firestone, as cited by Fowler, 2000 ).
Published in Chapter: Developing an Effective Online Evaluation System; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition
Full Text Chapter Download: US $37.50 Add to Cart
Chapter 4
Post-Pandemic Restorative Talent Management Strategy for SME Development
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Chapter 8
Outcomes of Conflicts, International Migration Processes, and Their Impact on the State Security and Social Wellbeing
A system of principles for making decisions and achieving optimal results. The policy directs action toward the achievement of general goals in the performance of specific tasks.
Published in Chapter: Outcomes of Conflicts, International Migration Processes, and Their Impact on the State Security and Social Wellbeing; From: Handbook of Research on the Regulation of the Modern Global Migration and Economic Crisis
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Chapter 5
Quality Management Approach to Workload and Performance Evaluation: Interdependencies for Fair Measures
Prudence or wisdom in the management of affairs. a high-level overall plan embracing the general goals and acceptable procedures especially of a governmental body.
Published in Chapter: Quality Management Approach to Workload and Performance Evaluation: Interdependencies for Fair Measures; From: Evaluating Mental Workload for Improved Workplace Performance
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Chapter 2
AIoT Concepts and Integration: Exploring Customer Interaction, Ethics, Policy, and Privacy
Policy encompasses a collection of regulations, directives, or doctrines put forward by an institution, governing body, or authoritative entity to govern behaviours, choices, and protocols within a defined framework.
Published in Chapter: AIoT Concepts and Integration: Exploring Customer Interaction, Ethics, Policy, and Privacy; From: Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) for Productivity and Organizational Transition
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Chapter 34
Organizational Software Use Policies
A policy is a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s).
Published in Chapter: Organizational Software Use Policies; From: Handbook of Research on Information Communication Technology Policy: Trends, Issues and Advancements
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