What is Potential Force

The sections contained in this chapter, Macroscopic Group robots inspired by “Brownian motion”, examine the basic concepts and the methods to develop systems of new type of group robots. We take robots especially with neither external sensors nor apparatuses for mutual communication. In microscopic physics we have a phenomena of Brownian motion. We note that in Brownian motion pollen particles can be motivated by collision with surrounding molecules although each molecule has neither sensor nor mutual communication. By setting temperature gradient surrounding the pollen particle, controlling its motion is possible. So when we note correspondence between molecules and robots, we will obtain a transportation system of macroscopic objects that correspond to pollen particles in Brownian motion. We use a potential force signal that corresponds to temperature in Brownian motion. To perform the tasks, we show and solve various challenging problems in fundamental formulae, simulation scheme, and control method in these areas.