What is Smart Antennas (SAs)

The localization of EM sources has become an interesting object of study in the past several decades. An important aspect is to reduce the search time and the maintenance of acceptable receiving levels between transmitters and receivers. The strong signal attenuation introduced by the transmission through walls plays a determinant role, as well as a suitable probing technique able to furnish good resolution. This chapter introduces a new probing technique based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to detect and localize an ultra-wide band (UWB) pulsed EM source placed behind a wall. The main purpose is to study the performance of this technique in order to obtain a good compromise between two principal goals: accuracy on the reconstruction of the source position as high as possible and a probe dimension as small as possible. The use of ANNs for the resolution of the inverse scattering problem provides several advantages, such as short computation times, low computational burden, and the opportunity to reformulate the problem by considering only a few unknowns of interest.