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What is Explicit Knowledge

Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology
Explicit knowledge is knowledge that can be verbalized, stored, accessed, and shared with others. Explicit knowledge is often seen as complementary to tacit knowledge in that you need both to draw a complete picture of organizational knowledge.
Published in Chapter:
State of the Art in Semantic Organizational Knowledge
Mamadou Tadiou Kone (International University of Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3473-1.ch121
Abstract
This chapter proposes a state-of-the-art survey on the emerging field of Semantic Organizational Knowledge. This concept refers to the technologies of the Semantic Web and Linked Data applied to the principles and procedures of organizational knowledge. Originally, organizational Knowledge is described as the ability of employees of an organization to exercise judgment based on the history and collective understanding of a particular context. Researchers have identified the existence of several types of knowledge in organized contexts including explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, cultural knowledge, and embedded knowledge. Along these lines, a number of issues must be addressed in order to apply Semantic Web and Linked Data technologies. The main objective of this chapter is to demonstrate that there exists substantial research that supports the use of the Semantic Web or Linked Data technologies to effectively support all aspects of knowledge creation, sharing, distribution, and acquisition.
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“Shaken, Not Stirred”: Knowledge Transfer in the Hospitality Industry
An organized set of information that is easily identified, seized, and shared. It may be written or taped. It can be stored in books, libraries, patents, databases, reports, procedure manuals, regulations, etc.
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Tacit Knowledge Sharing for System Integration: A Case of Netherlands Railways in Industry 4.0
A knowledge that can be readily articulated, codified, stored and accessed ( Hélie & Sun, 2010 ).
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Business Processes and Knowledge Management
Knowledge that has been (or can be) codified and shared with others.
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Networks and Industrial Clusters
Information codified in publications, patents, and other sources.
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Knowledge Creation, Ba and CoP: The Experience at IADE-UAM
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Using Action Research for Improvement of Project Knowledge Management in the Public Museum
Formal knowledge documented in the form of databases, documents, certificates, research, or elaborations, expressed in words and figures, possible to communicate to others.
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New Perspectives on Rewards and Knowledge Sharing
Knowledge that has been captured and codified into manuals, procedures, and rules, and is easy to disseminate ( Stenmark, 2000 ).
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Beyond Binaries of Scientific and Indigenous Knowledge Bean Storage Techniques: A Case of Market Women in Ghana
Information or knowledge that is set out in tangible forms. It is codified knowledge that can be found in documents.
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Examining Tacit Knowledge Acquisition and Opportunity Recognition in International Buyer-Supplier Collaborations
Knowledge that can be codified, articulated and easily communicated, and is therefore, easily transferred between individuals and organizations.
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A Knowledge Management Model for Patterns
A type of human knowledge that has been articulated.
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Cognitive Mapping in Support of Intelligent Information Systems
Codified knowledge which refers to knowledge that is transmittable in formal and systematic language.
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Protecting Knowledge Assets
Knowledge that is easy to express and communicate.
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Supporting the Mentoring Process
Information that has specific meaning and can be easily and clearly understood.
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Application of Cognitive Map in Knowledge Management
Codified knowledge which refers to knowledge that is transmittable in formal and systematic language.
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Knowledge Management for E-Government Applications and Services
Also called articulated knowledge. It is the knowledge that has been or can be captured, written down, codified, and stored in certain media (documents or databases). It can be readily processed, communicated and shared with others. Explicit knowledge can be farther categorized as either structured (documents, databases, spreadsheets, etc.) or unstructured (e-mails, images, audio, video, etc.).
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Tacit Knowledge as a Driver for Competitiveness
Is based on facts, is formal and is expressed in words, numbers or even actions, and can be transmitted.
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Tacit Knowledge in Maker Spaces and Fab Labs: From Do It Yourself (DIY) to Do It With Others (DIWO)
Knowledge of the facts obtained from information, almost always through formal education. Expressed through metaphors, analogies, concepts, hypothesis or models. The key for the creation of new knowledge. Codified, communicable through formal and systematic language. Can be stored in manuals, documentation, patents, blueprints, reports and other accessible sources. Explicit and tacit knowledge complement each other.
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An Explorative Study of Knowledge-Transfer Mechanism: Processes and Factors (Enablers and Barriers) – Conceptual Model
Is knowledge that can be easily collected, organized, and transferred through digital means. It can be readily articulated, written down, codified and shared.
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Influential Factors on Reverse Knowledge Transfers in Multinational Organizations
A type of knowledge that is formal and systematic. It consists of the description of facts, concepts, and relationships. It is easily communicated and shared through documents, procedures, and software.
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The Concept of Knowledge Management: Rational vs. Multifaceted Perspectives
A form of knowledge that is relatively easy to encode and share across contexts.
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Sharing Knowledge in Projects
Refers to knowledge that is transmissible in a formal and systemic language ( Nonaka, 1994 ; Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995 ).
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Transferring Knowledge in a Knowledge-Based Economy
Data and information that are often codified and learned through established sources such as academia, books, and other forms of written or published media.
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Learning Organizations
It is codified information and data that is written down and can be easily understood and decoded by the recipient.
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Human Resources as Manager of the Human Imprint
Knowledge that is formal and systematic, which can be easily communicated and shared as product specifications, a working manual, scientific formula or a computer program.
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Intellectual Property Protection in Software Enterprises
Explicit knowledge is easy to communicate. It can be described, for example, in written documents, tapes, and databases.
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Integration of Knowledge Sharing Into Project Management
Refers to knowledge that is transmissible in a formal and systemic language ( Nonaka, 1994 ; Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995 ).
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Chief Knowledge Officers
Knowledge that can be expressed formally using a system of symbols, and can therefore be easily communicated or diffused. It is either object based or rule based
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The Role of Middle Managers in Knowledge Creation and Diffusion: An Examination in Greek Organizations
An organized set of information (knowledge) that have the potential to be identified, seized, codified, stored and shared.
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Communities of Practice as Work Teams to Knowledge Management
Knowledge which can be codified or contained in manuals, information technology, annual meetings, etc. So, it can be transferred easily among persons or units.
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Knowledge Management: The Construction of Knowledge in Organizations
Knowledge that has been articulated and, more often than not, captured in the form of text, tables, diagrams, product specifications and so on.
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Integrating Knowledge Management and Business Processes
Knowledge that has been (or can be) codified and shared with others.
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Knowledge Management in the Palestinian Public Sector
Is knowledge that can be easily collected, organized and transferred through digital means. It can be readily articulated, written down, codified, and shared.
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Knowledge Transfer and Marketing in Second Life
Knowledge that is easy to codify, record, and communicate ( Dixon, 2000 ).
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The Value of the Mature Worker: Knowledge Management/Transfer in the 21st Century
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Construction of Knowledge-Intensive organizations in Higher Education
Explicit knowledge is easy to communicate. It can be expressed, for example, in written documents, tapes and databases.
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Expliciting Tacit Knowledge: Exploring an Uncharted Path for a Questionable Trip
Refers to formal, structured, formally shared and registered type of knowledge. It usually refers to processes descriptions, routines, algorithms and logic descriptions. It was conceptualized from the Works of Dr. Michael Polanyi.
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Theory and Practice of Online Knowledge Sharing
The kind of knowledge which has been or can be articulated, codified, and stored in certain media that can be readily transmitted to others.
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The End of Instructional Design
Explicit knowledge is having a level of understanding that allows the knower to accurately articulate that knowledge to others.
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Knowledge-Based E-Learning in Virtual Enterprises
Explicit knowledge consists of any piece of information that can be documented, archived and codified, often with the help of information technology.
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The Role of Human Resources (HR) in Tacit Knowledge Sharing
Knowledge that has been rendered tangible in form. It is typically documented knowledge in the form of text, images or videos. Procedural, objective and “book” knowledge is typically more explicit than tacit.
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An Empirical View of Knowledge Management
The knowledge that able to quantify and able transfer via communication tools.
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How Fablabs Manage the Knowledge They Create
Knowledge of the facts obtained from information, almost always through formal education. Expressed through metaphors, analogies, concepts, hypothesis or models. The key for the creation of new knowledge. Codified, communicable through formal and systematic language. Can be stored in manuals, documentation, patents, blueprints, reports and other accessible sources. Explicit and tacit knowledge complement each other.
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Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Knowledge Sharing Initiatives
It is knowledge that has been captured and codified into manuals, procedures, and rules, and is easy to disseminate.
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Knowledge Management for Healthcare: Vision, Strategies, and Challenges
Explicit knowledge typically takes the form of company documents, written manuals, books, procedures, reports, and/or found in electronic databases and is easily available, whilst tacit knowledge is subjective and cognitive.
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Knowledge Management for Production
Knowledge that can be represented in signs (symbols, tests, and images). Thus, explicit knowledge can be stored in technical systems, and can be managed. As such, some see it as synonymous to information .
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Embracing the Social Web for Managing Patterns
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Ba and Communities of Practice in Research and Strategic Communities as a Way Forward
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From Information Management to Knowledge Management
Knowledge that is coded and cataloged in order to facilitate its use by people.
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CoPs & Organizational Identity: Five Case Studies of NTBFs
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Creating Order from Chaos: Application of the Intelligence Continuum for Emergency and Disaster Scenarios
Or factual knowledge, that is, “know what”, represents knowledge that is well established and documented.
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Knowledge Management and the Organisational Learning: Towards a Framework Definition
This type of knowledge is easier to transfer and to be explained in words, formulas or other forms of communication. It is more commonly used in the organisational context, despite of being less crucial on the creation of a competitive advantage.
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Leadership for Big Data and Business Intelligence
Knowledge that can be expressed formally using a system of symbols, and can therefore be easily communicated or diffused. It is either object based or rule based.
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A Closer Look at Concept Map Collaborative Creation in Product Lifecycle Management
Knowledge that has been articulated and expressed through some kind of language. All codified knowledge is explicit.
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The Use of Social Technology to Support Organisational Knowledge
documented knowledge which is easy to codify and communicate to perform an action, such as the contents of an electronic machine manual, or rules and best practices.
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Knowledge Sharing Practices Among Non-Academic Staff in a Nigerian University
Is the type of knowledge that is formal, systematic, can be codified, collected, stored, and disseminated, and is not bound to a person.
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Knowledge Patterns
This term refers to documented knowledge (e.g., in the form of publications, or web-pages) rather than tacit knowledge which is only available through people (i.e., this kind of knowledge only exists in the human brain).
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E-Learning for Knowledge Dissemination
Defined as context-free knowledge that can be codified using formal and systematic language. Explicit knowledge can be expressed using words (language) or as mathematical formulae, procedures or principles. Explicit knowledge is easy to codify and communicate.
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Should Innovation Knowledge be Assessed?
Explicit knowledge refers to knowledge that is easy to communicate. It can be captured and expressed in words and numbers and shared in the form of data by courses or books for self-reading, scientific formulae, specifications, manuals and the like.
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Business Processes and Knowledge Management
Knowledge that has been (or can be) codified and shared with others.
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Design of a Strategic Knowledge Management Model to Evaluate Sales Growth in SMEs
It is the knowledge that can be readily articulated, codified, stored, and accessed. It can be easily transmitted to others.
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Knowledge Management as Organizational Strategy
Formal, systematic knowledge that can be codified ( Zack, 1999b ).
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Knowledge Sharing and IT/Business Partnership: An Integrated View of Risk Management
Is articulated knowledge that can be expressed and recorded as words, numbers, codes, mathematical and scientific formulae. Explicit knowledge is easy to communicate, store, and distribute and is the knowledge found in books, on the web, and other visual and oral means.
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An Analysis of the Relationship Between Maintenance Engineering and Knowledge Management
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Application of Cognitive Map in Knowledge Management
Codified knowledge which refers to knowledge that is transmittable in formal and systematic language.
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Knowledge Management Practices in a Greek Public Sector Organization: The Case of OAED
An organized set of information (knowledge) that have the potentiality to be identified, seized, codified, stored, and shared.
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Knowledge Transfer
Knowledge that exists in and is transmittable in formal, systematic language.
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E-Collaborative Knowledge Construction
Knowledge that can be intentionally expressed and quantified. Examples of this kind of knowledge include facts and descriptions.
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A Cross-National Comparison of Knowledge Management Practices
Universal knowledge that is easily identifiable, easy to articulate, capture and share – typically codified as in books, manuals and reports.
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The Role of the ICTS in Knowledge Transfer: A Special Focus in Fraunhofer AICOS
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Knowledge Management Systems Characteristics That Support Knowledge Sharing and Decision-Making Processes in Organizations
Is knowledge that can be easily collected, organized and transferred through digital means. It can be readily articulated, written down, codified, and shared.
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Knowledge Sharing Practice in Brunei Darussalam
A form of knowledge that can be easily shared, documented, and accessed to others, it is as well can be stored in a certain media. Examples are journals, books, and research reports.
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Management in Modern Organizations: Organizational, Innovation, and Knowledge Management Theories
Is based on facts, is formal and is expressed in words, numbers or even actions, and can be transmitted.
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Evidence-Based Best Practices Collections
This term refers to documented knowledge (e.g., in the form of publications, or web-pages) rather then tacit knowledge which is only available through people (i.e., this kind of knowledge only exists in the human brain).
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Innovation and Knowledge in Academia
It is the academic obtained through education and academic accomplishment. It is based on the ‘‘know-what’’ that is described in formal language, expressed in written terms, printed or in electronic media. It is usually based on established work processes, organized and routine tasks. The most relevant different between explicit and tacit knowledge is that explicit one is evaluated based on tangible work accomplishment but not on creativity and knowledge sharing.
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Online Knowledge Sharing
The kind of knowledge which has been or can be articulated, codified, and stored in certain media that can be readily transmitted to others.
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Retention of Knowledge From “Baby Boomers” Prior to Leaving the Workforce
Explicit knowledge is expressed and communicated through written documents, reports, or manuals ( Hau et al., 2013 ).
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