What is Topography

This chapter seeks to explore the key considerations that should be employed by camp coordinators and designers to mitigate the fundamental issues being faced by camps today and provide a safer and more durable living environment for refugees. It also aims to provide alternative camp design and material solutions and provide insight into the use of new technologies to aid these considerations. Specifically, this chapter will be exploring GIS technologies and their use in field operations. The need to rethink refugee camps is vital given the continuously increasing influx of refugees worldwide. However, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study becomes even more critical for the safety of refugees, camp workers, and host countries alike. This chapter will delve deeper into the topics of camp design and layout, camp shelter and materials, and employing technologies such as GIS in the process of redesigning camps.