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What is Retrofitting

Chapter 6
Assistive Technologies for Differently Abled Students
Describes a process which seeks to address instances of discrimination experienced by individuals with disabilities once they are identified. Retrofitting happens after the fact, which means that it does not address the actual design of products, spaces, services, or experiences. Instead, it focuses on providing individuals with disabilities with specific and individualized support, services and tools to address the barriers they experience. Accommodations represent the main form of retrofitting.
Published in Chapter:
Ensuring Technology Integration in the Classroom Leads to Increased Accessibility: Using UDL as a Lens
Frederic Fovet (Royal Roads University, Canada)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 25
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4736-6.ch006
Abstract
Technology has been a revolutionary mean to offer students with disabilities the affordances they require to be able to access the mainstream classroom. It has been a groundbreaking tool to provide accommodations. While acknowledging the key role that assistive technology has played thus far, this chapter suggests the time has come to take a hard look at exactly how assistive technology has been integrated. Three concerns are examined: (1) assistive technology can be so specialized, non-user-friendly, and expensive that it stigmatizes students with disabilities; (2) while technology is often available in the classroom, it generally remains integrated very clumsily and fails to optimally serve pedagogy; (3) the notion of assistive technology may now be possibly obsolete since most operation systems include a wide array of accessibility tools. It is hence time to rethink our use of technology in the classroom with students with disabilities, and the chapter suggests that Universal Design for Learning is a particularly pertinent framework to shift educators' practices and beliefs.
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More Results
Chapter 1
UDL in Higher Education: A Global Overview of the Landscape and Its Challenges
Retrofitting describes an approach to accessibility and inclusion in the classroom which focuses on removing barriers encountered by students with disabilities, after the facts, through individual support measures. In Higher Education, these measures are usually called ‘accommodations. They are legally mandated, but they are still based on a medical model approach which requires disclosure by the learner and diagnostic documentation. These measures do not produce authentically inclusive learning environments, as they require access to specialized support services outside the classroom and lead to a degree of stigmatization.
Published in Chapter: UDL in Higher Education: A Global Overview of the Landscape and Its Challenges; From: Handbook of Research on Applying Universal Design for Learning Across Disciplines: Concepts, Case Studies, and Practical Implementation
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Chapter 1
Business Models for Green Retrofitting
Adding components or accessories to buildings that did not have it when these where initial constructed in order to improve the building performance
Published in Chapter: Business Models for Green Retrofitting; From: Retrofitting for Optimal Energy Performance
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Chapter 13
Using Universal Design for Learning to Create Inclusive Provisions for Indigenous Students in Higher Education: Decolonizing Teaching Practices
Retrofitting describes an approach to accessibility in the classroom which focuses on removing barriers encountered by students with disabilities, after the facts, through individual support measures. In Higher Education, these measures are often called ‘accommodations. They are legally mandated and go some ways to providing inclusive learning environments, but they are still based on a medical model approach which requires disclosure by the learner and a proof of diagnosis. These measures are never entirely inclusive as they require access to specialized support services, and lead to a degree of stigmatization.
Published in Chapter: Using Universal Design for Learning to Create Inclusive Provisions for Indigenous Students in Higher Education: Decolonizing Teaching Practices; From: Redesigning Teaching, Leadership, and Indigenous Education in the 21st Century
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Chapter 7
Using Universal Design for Learning to Optimize Flexibility in Assessment and Class Activities While Maximizing Alignment With Course Objectives
Retrofitting has traditionally and historically been the way inclusion has been implemented in higher education, particularly with regards to the needs of students with disabilities.
Published in Chapter: Using Universal Design for Learning to Optimize Flexibility in Assessment and Class Activities While Maximizing Alignment With Course Objectives; From: Optimizing Higher Education Learning Through Activities and Assessments
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Chapter 19
Emerging Technologies and Materials for the Seismic Protection of Cultural Heritage
Intervention on the structural system of a structure at some point of its life-cycle, so as to be able to sustain loads for which it was not designed for.
Published in Chapter: Emerging Technologies and Materials for the Seismic Protection of Cultural Heritage; From: Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures
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Chapter 5
Passive Dampers: Fluid Viscous Dampers
Means to put new parts or new equipment to improve an existing.
Published in Chapter: Passive Dampers: Fluid Viscous Dampers; From: Structural Dynamics and Static Nonlinear Analysis From Theory to Application
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Chapter 7
Retrofitting of R404a Commercial Refrigeration Systems with R410a and R407f HFCs Refrigerants
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Chapter 17
Selected Assessment and Retrofitting Application Techniques for Historical Unreinforced Masonry Buildings
The process of strengthening older buildings in order to improve global performance (in this case) under seismic action. When dealing with historic structures, a special care must be taken in order to minimize the risk of altering the original architectural and cultural characteristics.
Published in Chapter: Selected Assessment and Retrofitting Application Techniques for Historical Unreinforced Masonry Buildings; From: Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures
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