Maximalist, interconnected set of experiences straight out of sci-fi, based on 3D virtual environment through personal computing, and augmented reality headsets—a world known as the Metaverse—this... Show More

Maximalist, interconnected set of experiences straight out of sci-fi, based on 3D virtual environment through personal computing, and augmented reality headsets—a world known as the Metaverse—this is the futuristic vision of internet that technology giants are investing in. There has been some research on data privacy risks in the metaverse; however, detailed research on the cybersecurity risks of virtual reality platforms like metaverse have not been performed. This research paper addresses this gap of understanding the various possible cybersecurity risks on metaverse platforms. This study tries to understand the risks associated with metaverse by describing the technologies supporting metaverse platform and understanding the inherent cybersecurity threats in each of these technologies. Further, the paper proposes a cybersecurity risk governance regulatory framework to mitigate these risks.

The key research objective of the current study is to answer the following research question: Why is ‘privacy' a contested concept that is hard to define? In doing so, the study will raise awareness... Show More

The key research objective of the current study is to answer the following research question: Why is ‘privacy' a contested concept that is hard to define? In doing so, the study will raise awareness of the contemporary meaning of ‘privacy' in relation to cyber activities and to draw attention to the need for developing the right to cyber privacy and its legal protection. Hence, the current study has embarked on analysing the meaning of privacy in general, and the meaning of cyber or online privacy in particular. As a result, privacy has been found to be a perennially contestable concept, and this is exacerbated by the ever more rapidly developing digital world and also by the diverse perceptions which vary across societies, cultures, and generations. This has created a big challenge for regulators and legislators to define a specific privacy right that can be accorded with a legal protection against violations across national and international jurisdictions. However, the right to privacy has been found to be vague and open to multiple, competing interpretations.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as the most widely applicable field across varied industries. Being an evolving technology, it may be quite useful in sensitive areas such as cyber security... Show More

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as the most widely applicable field across varied industries. Being an evolving technology, it may be quite useful in sensitive areas such as cyber security where there is a dire need for implementation of AI technologies, such as expert systems, neural networks, intelligent agents, and artificial immune systems. The primary reason for AI fitment to cyber security area is its ability to detect anomalies proactively and predictively in the network, thereby working towards securing the network before the damage related to loss of data and/or reputation is done. There are different types of AI technologies as mentioned above that could be applied in cyber security in its varied forms. In this paper, the emphasis is on specific AI technologies that can bring unique benefits to the cyber security field with its unique applicability to different scenarios. The outcome of this study shows that AI technologies such as expert systems, neural networks, intelligent agents, and artificial immune systems are transforming the landscape for managing cyber threats.

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened up new frontiers in various fields, including natural language processing. One of the most significant advancements in this area is the... Show More

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened up new frontiers in various fields, including natural language processing. One of the most significant advancements in this area is the development of conversational agents (i.e., chatbots), which are computer programs designed to interact with humans through messaging interfaces. The emergence of large language models, such as ChatGPT, has enabled the creation of highly sophisticated chatbots that can mimic human conversations with impressive accuracy. However, the use of these chatbots also poses significant cyber risks that must be addressed. This research paper seeks to investigate the cyber risks associated with the use of ChatGPT and other similar AI-based chatbots, including potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious actors. As part of this research, a survey was conducted to explore the cybersecurity risks associated with AI-based chatbots like ChatGPT. Further, the paper also suggests mitigation methods that can be used to mitigate these cyber risks and vulnerabilities.

Telephony over IP (ToIP) is a cost-saving communication technology based on voice over IP (VoIP) that enables enterprises to reduce communication fees. However, ToIP faces many security threats due... Show More

Telephony over IP (ToIP) is a cost-saving communication technology based on voice over IP (VoIP) that enables enterprises to reduce communication fees. However, ToIP faces many security threats due to its IP-based nature. This work aims to improve ToIP security using cryptography and blockchain technology. The authors propose a secure approach to user registration, authentication, communication session establishment, and communication data storage. The proposed solution leverages blockchain technology to ensure the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of communication data. By implementing this solution, the researchers aim to enhance the security of ToIP networks and protect them from cyber threats. This approach provides a secure and reliable way to support ToIP services while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has led to the development of sophisticated large language models (LLMs) that are used extensively in applications such as... Show More

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has led to the development of sophisticated large language models (LLMs) that are used extensively in applications such as chatbots. This research investigates the critical issues of data protection and privacy enhancement in the context of LLM-based chatbots, with a focus on OpenAI's ChatGPT. It explores the dual challenges of safeguarding sensitive user information while ensuring the efficiency of machine learning models. It assesses existing privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) and proposes innovative methods, such as differential privacy, federated learning, and data minimization techniques. The study also includes a survey of Chatbot users to measure their concerns related to data privacy with the use of these LLM-based applications. This study is meant to serve as a comprehensive guide for developers, policymakers, and researchers, contributing to the discourse on data protection in artificial intelligence.