This article describes how a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is an infrastructureless network in which vehicles are connected without wires. Routing in VANET is challenging nowadays due to... Show More

This article describes how a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is an infrastructureless network in which vehicles are connected without wires. Routing in VANET is challenging nowadays due to increased number of a vehicle, the high mobility of nodes, dynamically changing topology and highly partitioned network, so the challenges on the roads are also increased like the road congestion, the safety problem, speed, etc. Various protocol designs have been suggested by various authors to search and forward packets to the destination node. These various algorithms use different schemes like greedy forwarding, perimeter forwarding, carry and store approach, geographic location base approach, etc. The proposed system uses both beacon packets and a geographic closure node approach to forward packets. The beacon-based strategy includes a carry and search approach to search for a routing path. Geographic forwarding will start when carry and search forwarding fails to transmit packets. Route requests will perform multicasting while a route reply follows a unicast strategy. The new proposed system achieves good PDR and an end to end delay.

This article describes how soft computing techniques are tolerant of imprecision, intended on approximation, focus on uncertainty and are based on partial truth. Current real-world problems... Show More

This article describes how soft computing techniques are tolerant of imprecision, intended on approximation, focus on uncertainty and are based on partial truth. Current real-world problems pertaining to congested traffic is pervasively imprecise and therefore design of smart traffic control system is a challenging issue. Due to the increasing rate of vehicles at traffic points in smart cities, it creates unexpected delays during transit, chances of accidents are higher, unnecessary fuel consumption is an issue, and unhygienic environment due to pollution also degrades the health condition of general people in a normal city scenario. To avoid such problems many smart cities are currently implementing improved traffic control systems that work on the principle of traffic automation to prevent these issues. The basic challenge lies in the usage of real-time analytics performed with online traffic information and correctly applying it to some traffic flow. In this research article, an enhanced traffic management system called SCICS (Soft Computing based Intelligent Communication System) has been proposed which uses swarm intelligence as a soft computing technique with intelligent communication between smart vehicles and traffic points using the vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) concept of VANET. It uses an improved route diversion mechanism with implemented logic in nanorobots. Under a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) scenario, the communication between intelligent vehicles and infrastructure points takes place through nanorobots in a collaborative way. Simulation carried out using Ns2 simulator shows encouraging results in terms of better performance to control the traffic.

This article describes how taxi service is an essential means of mobility in many cities. Recent findings show that average automobile owners utilize their vehicles for only 5% of its time in a day.... Show More

This article describes how taxi service is an essential means of mobility in many cities. Recent findings show that average automobile owners utilize their vehicles for only 5% of its time in a day. Therefore, the advent of autonomous vehicles and car sharing will make it possible for owners to engage their vehicles as taxis when not in use by utilizing its 95% free time for income generation. Sensitive private information is required to be released during a taxi service delivery, which may bring certain security and privacy issues and challenges. This may hinder the prospect of using autonomous vehicles as a form of taxi. As a result of these, the authors propose a secure and privacy-preserving taxi service framework for car sharing, which ensures protection of car owner and passengers personal details, e.g. identity, location, destination, etc. The authors developed a decay-based trust model for a framework in order to monitor and improve the quality of service rendered to passengers by vehicles. The decay-based trust model was simulated on the framework. The simulation of the decay-based trust model shows that it is a perfect model for rewarding vehicles which render good quality of service and blacklisting vehicles with frequent poor service delivery.

This article aims to provide innovative system for tracking and monitoring health objects using RF transmitters and receivers. We begin by proposing a prototype for the system and perform a... Show More

This article aims to provide innovative system for tracking and monitoring health objects using RF transmitters and receivers. We begin by proposing a prototype for the system and perform a simulation to check the feasibility of this project before applying it to a real-world scenario. In this simulation model, we test the capability of the transmitter and receiver to communicate effectively and also display the data sent by the transmitter. As a result, highly flexible wireless controlled systems would enable the bridging of the distance between the user and the electronic device. This would provide an easier access to real world entities by just using mobile phones, without the need to be physically present near the object. Also, the addition ensures authenticated access to resources in view of security aspect. The workings of the system can be divided into two phases: phase one contains an RF transmitter and a receiver coupled with a central database; phase two contains a GSM modem with a unique SIM linked to the central data base via GSM network. In the first phase of the system, the RF transmitters are tagged to the objects of everyday use and have the capability to transmit signals and the paired receiver detects the transmission of the tagged object and stores its corresponding location in the central database. This is created specifically for information maintenance of the tagged objects, In the second phase of the system, a mobile phone is used to query the location of any tagged objects based on its availability in the vicinity, by sending a message to the SIM connected to a GSM modem. Object if present, the GSM modem fetches the location and other relevant information from the central database and encapsulates this information into a message which is sent back to the mobile device or phone that has requested the information.

This article describes how health sensors, which measure health parameters, are miniaturized to fit the size of a mobile. They aim to integrate these sensors along with a mobile so as to provide... Show More

This article describes how health sensors, which measure health parameters, are miniaturized to fit the size of a mobile. They aim to integrate these sensors along with a mobile so as to provide data measurement to the vast population which use the mobile, and thus, create regional grid networks. The authors aim to use the mobile for updating health parameters as well as be the focal point of communication of the health information. As a result, the mobile would provide targeted distribution of the health information, which is advantageous compared to the traditional means of mass distribution of information. Also, a mobile acts as a focal point of gathering health related parameters, it provides a twofold advantage for setting up a low-cost region-specific health monitoring system.