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Ubiquitous Learning and Handhelds

Ubiquitous Learning and Handhelds

Howard Nicholas, Wan Ng
Copyright: © 2009 |Pages: 6
ISBN13: 9781605661988|ISBN10: 1605661988|EISBN13: 9781605661995
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch321
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MLA

Nicholas, Howard, and Wan Ng. "Ubiquitous Learning and Handhelds." Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition, edited by Patricia L. Rogers, et al., IGI Global, 2009, pp. 2171-2176. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch321

APA

Nicholas, H. & Ng, W. (2009). Ubiquitous Learning and Handhelds. In P. Rogers, G. Berg, J. Boettcher, C. Howard, L. Justice, & K. Schenk (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition (pp. 2171-2176). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch321

Chicago

Nicholas, Howard, and Wan Ng. "Ubiquitous Learning and Handhelds." In Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition, edited by Patricia L. Rogers, et al., 2171-2176. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-198-8.ch321

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Abstract

The concept of ubiquitous computing or Ubicomp was first articulated by Mark Weiser in 1988 at the Computer Science Lab at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Centre). He asserted that the most profound technologies associated with ubiquitous computing are those that disappear as they weave themselves into the framework of our everyday lives. He described Ubicomp as the third wave of computing. The first wave of computing, from 1940 to about 1980, saw the use of one mainframe computer by many people. The second wave saw a one-to-one computer to human ratio where individuals were connected to desktops or laptops. We are now in the third wave of computing where many computers dispersed throughout the physical environment, service one person, and as these technologies recede into the background of people’s lives, they are increasingly being used unconsciously for task completion (Weiser, 1991, 1996). In this regard, ubiquitous computing is viewed as the age of “calm technology” (Weiser and Brown, 1996). In a similar analogy, O’Malley & Fraser (2006) describe technology associated with ubiquitous computing as “tangible” in which “the technology is so embedded in the world that it ‘disappears’ ” (p.2).

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