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Decision making or making judgments is an essential function in the ordinary life of any individual. Decisions can often be made easily, but sometimes, it can be difficult due to conflict, uncertainty, or ambiguity of the variables required to make the decision. As human beings, we constantly have to...

The study of operations research arose during World War II to enhance the effectiveness of weapons and equipment used on the battlefield. Since then, operations research techniques have also been used to solve several sophisticated and complex defense-related problems. Operations Research for Military...

Effective governance is vital for all nations and can be made easier with advanced technology and communication. Through various collaborative efforts and processes, developing nations can enhance their economies with multi-level governance. Multi-Level Governance in Developing Economies is a...

Significant progress has been made in the study of human psychology in recent years. However, the human pursuit of happiness through the use of scientific methods has yet to be fully examined. Scientific Concepts Behind Happiness, Kindness, and Empathy in Contemporary Society is an essential reference...

Unstable social climates are causing the displacement of large numbers of people around the world. In consequence, the issue of safe relocation arises, leading to the need for new policies and strategies regarding immigration. Immigration and the Current Social, Political, and Economic Climate...

With the growing use of new technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) applications, intelligent systems can be used to manage large amounts of existing data in healthcare domains. Having more intelligent methods for accessing data allows medical professionals to more efficiently identify the best...

A major non-technical challenge of space activities is ensuring productive cooperation, communication, and understanding between the engineers who design the mission and the space lawyers who cover its relevant legal aspects. Though both groups usually attain some level of understanding, it is only...

Healthcare sectors often deal with a large amount of data related to patients’ care and hospital workforce management. Mistakes occur, and the impending results are disastrous for individuals’ personal identity information. However, an innovative and reliable way to safeguard the identity of...

The democratic system is understood and accepted as the fairest form of government in Western countries. Nevertheless, citizens tend to critique their democratically elected rulers. Mathematical Approaches to Understanding Democracy: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source...

Governments must continuously update policies, laws, and legislation as the world continues to rapidly evolve due to technologies and changing cultural perspectives. To streamline policy creation and implementation, governments seek new and efficient methods to ensure their citizens’ and communities’...

Breaches and identity theft involving medical data are on the rise. Data security has become especially critical to the healthcare industry as patient privacy hinges on legal compliance and secure adoption of electronic health records. As cyber criminals see medical data as an easy way to illegally...

One of the central engines of the current shift towards decentralization and reorientation of healthcare services is mobile healthcare (mHealth). mHealth offers unique opportunities to reduce cost, increase efficiencies, and improve quality and access to healthcare. However, the full impact of mHealth...

For as much as we know about DNA and gene expression, many more mysteries remain to be solved. Epigenetics and epigenomics seek to study heritable modifications in gene expression that do not involve underlying DNA sequences to further human health changes. Examining the Causal Relationship Between...

Discussions around the preservation of privacy and confidential data of patients parallels discussions about innovation, effectiveness, and quality of care that the use of technology can provide in health services. The use of technology in the management of health services and in the provision of care...

Biotechnology can be defined as the manipulation of biological process, systems, and organisms in the production of various products. With applications in a number of fields such as biomedical, chemical, mechanical, and civil engineering, research on the development of biologically inspired materials...

Unstable social climates are causing the displacement of large numbers of people around the world. Thus, the issue of safe replacement arises, causing the need for examining and improving the policies and strategies regarding immigration and helping these individuals integrate into new societies....

Social dialogue is critical for defining relations within and between different constituencies and bringing divergent interests towards a consensus. To bring understanding to the management of these dynamics of convergence and divergence, analyzing network relations that underlie social processes and...

With the advent of new technologies in big data science, the study of medical problems has made significant progress. Connecting medical studies and computational methods is crucial for the advancement of the medical industry. Big Data Analytics in HIV/AIDS Research provides emerging research on the...

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional organization that formed during the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. It has few supranational powers, but aims to be more than a purely symbolic organization, nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance...

As many countries have increased their budgets to allow for newer technologies and a stronger military force, defense spending has become a popular debate topic around the world. As such, it is vital to understand the interplay between the military expenditure and economic growth and development across...

One global leadership challenge is managing the complexity of the political and economic climate of a society. As the global environment changes, it is essential for global leaders to adapt and develop flexible strategies for resolving conflicts and achieving peace. Global Leadership Initiatives for...

Throughout history, there has been conflict and the clashing of ideas. Although this has assisted in creating political and societal structures, it has also led to civil unrest, cases of severe discord, and war. Political Mediation in Modern Conflict Resolution: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a...

Before the integration of expert systems in biomedical science, complex problems required human expertise to solve them through conventional procedural methods. Advancements in expert systems allow for knowledge to be extracted when no human expertise is available and increases productivity through...

Over the decades, the fields of health information systems and informatics have seen rapid growth. Such integrative efforts within the two disciplines have resulted in emerging innovations within the realm of medicine and healthcare. The Handbook of Research on Emerging Perspectives on Healthcare...

The development of better processes to provide proper healthcare has enhanced contemporary society. By implementing effective collaborative strategies, this development ensures proper quality and instruction for both the patient and medical practitioners. Advanced Systems for Improved Public Healthcare...