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Chemoinformatics is a scientific area that endeavours to study and solve complex chemical problems using computational techniques and methods. Chemoinformatics and Advanced Machine Learning Perspectives: Complex Computational Methods and Collaborative Techniques provides an overview of current research...

Today's world is one in which science and technology play an essential role in almost every aspect of life. Almost all of the changes that are taking place are due to advances in science and technology, as can be seen in the emergence of the Internet, which has enabled information to explode...

Despite significant research and studies in biologically-inspired circuit design, the capability of the biological creatures still excels that of artificially human-made systems inspired in terms of adaptivity, sensitivity, and spectral characteristics. System and Circuit Design for...

The advancement of high-throughput technologies that generate large scale biological data, as well as the development of related computational tools, has united global efforts and brought revolutionary changes to the research of biology during the last decade. Nowadays, biologists work with scientists...

Many-body interactions have been successfully described through models based on classical or quantum physics. More recently, some of the models have been related to cognitive science by researchers who are interested in describing brain activity through the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs)....

Nanotechnology and molecular computation are two of the fastest advancing areas in recent years. Gaining attention over the past few decades, these fields are steadily becoming cornerstones of our developing culture in the 21st century. Theoretical and Technological Advancements in Nanotechnology and...

The biological sciences have been among the most exciting and intensely pursued fields of science for the past several decades. The advancement of high-throughput technologies that generate large scale biological data as well as the development of related computational tools has enabled global efforts...

Machine learning is the branch of artificial intelligence whose goal is to develop algorithms that add learning capabilities to computers. Ensembles are an integral part of machine learning. A typical ensemble includes several algorithms performing the task of prediction of the class label or the...

The authors review graph kernels which is one of the state-of-the-art approaches using machine learning techniques for computational predictive modeling in chemoinformatics. The authors introduce a random walk graph kernel that defines a similarity between arbitrary two labeled graphs based on label...

To annotate the biological function of a protein molecule, it is essential to have information on its 3D structure. Many successful methods for function prediction are based on determining structurally conserved regions because the functional residues are proved to be more conservative than others in...

Machine learning techniques have been widely used in drug discovery and development, particularly in the areas of cheminformatics, bioinformatics and other types of pharmaceutical research. It has been demonstrated they are suitable for large high dimensional data, and the models built with these...

Classification of protein folds plays a very important role in the protein structure discovery process, especially when traditional sequence alignment methods fail to yield convincing structural homologies. In this chapter, we have developed a two-layer learning architecture, named TLLA, for...

Long chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (LACSs) activate free fatty acid to acyl-CoA thioesters, and play important roles in the biosynthesis and degradation of lipids. In this study, four cDNAs (Complementary DNA) encode long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity has been found in Brassica napus....

Plant root water uptake is a key way to transfer soil water to the atmosphere. It is an important part of the research on water transforming patterns in the SPAC (Soil-Plant-Air Continuum). So understanding the water absorption patterns of plant root system is a base to recognize the SPAC. Recently...

Waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain a number of valuable constituents. It is of great significance to separate precious metals and non-metallic constituents from waste PCBs with appropriate methods for resource recycling and environment protection. A novel flowsheet for the recycling of waste...

This work is concerned with the development of a novel diversity-controlled (DC) genetic algorithm (GA) for the design and rapid optimization of frequency-response masking (FRM) digital filters incorporating bilinear lossless discrete-integrator (LDI) IIR interpolation sub-filters. The selection of FRM...

DNA has been re-discovered and explored in the last decade as a “smart glue” for self-assembly from the “bottom-up” at nanoscales through mesoscales to micro- and macro-scales. These applications require an unprecedented degree of precision in placing atom-scale components. Finding large sets of probes...

Target and biomarker selection in drug discovery relies extensively on the use of various genomics platforms. These technologies generate large amounts of data that can be used to gain novel insights in biology. There is a strong need to mine these information-rich datasets in an effective and...

Drug discovery and development face tremendous challenges to find promising intervention points for important diseases. Any therapeutic agent targeting such an intervention point must prove its efficacy and safety in patients. Success rates measured from first studies in human to registration average...

Secondary metabolites belonging to polyketide and nonribosomal peptide families constitute a major class of natural products with diverse biological functions and a variety of pharmaceutically important properties. Experimental studies have shown that the biosynthetic machinery for polyketide and...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical players in the innate immune response to pathogens. However, transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the TLR activation pathways are still relatively poorly characterized. To address this question, the author of this chapter applied a systematic approach to...

The rolling of a single biological cell is analysed using modelling of the local kinetics of successive attachment and detachment of bonds occurring at the interface between a single cell and the wall of an ECM (extracellular matrix). Those kinetics correspond to a succession of creations and ruptures...