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Geoinformatics is the science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting, distributing, and using geospatial information. It encompasses a broad range of disciplines brought together to create a detailed but understandable picture of the physical world and our place in it. The Handbook of...

An interesting feature of GML is to consider it as a database, but only in the strictest sense of the term. That is, as a collection of data. As a database format, it can be queried. In order to do this, we need a query language with spatial operators. In addition, in order to use any query language...

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are data-centric applications that rely on the input and constant maintenance of large quantities of basic and thematic spatial data in order to be useful tools for decision- making. This chapter presents the institutional collaboration framework and the major...

The development of road database requires the management of continuously growing road databases. Mobile mapping systems can acquire this information, while offering an unbeatable productivity with the combination of navigation and videogrammetry tools. However, the complexity of data georeferencing and...

In this chapter we present some well-known algorithms for the solution of the point location problem and for the more particular problem of point-in-polygon determination. These previous approaches to the problem are presented in the first sections. In the remainder of the paper, we present a quick...

Network models are some of the earliest and most consistently important data models in GISystems. Network modeling has a strong theoretical basis in the mathematical discipline of graph theory, and methods for describing and measuring networks and proving properties of networks are well-developed....

Integrating spatial and temporal dimensions is a fundamental yet challenging issue in modeling geospatial data. This article presents the design of a generic model within the object-oriented paradigm to represent spatially-varying, temporally-varying, and spatio-temporally-varying information using a...

Temporal Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology has been a top research subject since late the 1980s. Langran’s Time in Geographic Information Systems (Langran, 1992) sets the first milestone in research that addresses the integration of temporal information and functions into GIS frameworks....

The amount of digital data available to researchers and knowledge workers has grown tremendously in recent years. This is especially true in the geography domain. As the amount of data grows, problems of data relevance and information overload become more severe. The use of semantics has been proposed...

The Semantic Web technology provides a common interoperable framework in which information is given a well-defined meaning such that data and applications can be used by machines for more effective discovery, automation, integration and reuse. Parallel to the development of the Semantic Web, the...

In the context of Geographic Information System’s evolution from monolithic systems to personal desktop GIS and then to collections of remote Internet services, we discuss the combination or chaining of distributed geospatial web services. The adoption of web services technology provides remote access...

Multi-agent system is specialized in studying the collective effects of multiple intelligent agents. An intelligent agent is a computer system with autonomous action in an environment. This technology is especially suitable for studying geospatial phenomena since they are complex in nature and call for...

In a service-oriented environment, an individual geospatial Web service is not sufficient to solve a complex real-world geospatial problem. Service composition, the process of chaining multiple services together, is required. Manual composition of Web services is laborious and requires much work of...

With the rapid accumulation of geospatial data and the advancement of geoscience, there is a critical requirement for an infrastructure that can integrate large-scale, heterogeneous, and distributed storage systems for the sharing of geospatial data within multiple user communities. This article probes...

This chapter details the potential found in combining to different technologies. The two basically different technologies, LBSs in mobile communication and the well-elaborated multicast technology are merged in the multicast via LBS solutions. As this chapter demonstrates, this emerging new area has a...

Routing is the act of selecting a course of travel. Routing problems are one of the most prominent and persistent problems in geoinformatics. This large research area has a strong theoretical foundation with ties to operations research and management science. There are a wide variety of routing models...

The author of this chapter considers the location-based approach for performance tuning that significantly facilitates the challenge of utilizing Mobile Sensor Networks. The authors introduce mobile nodes that can be deployed in conjunction with stationary sensor nodes to perform mission critical...

The provisioning of Location-Based Services (LBS) follows the chain of determination of a position, mapping this information onto a natural language-based description of this position and performing the service itself. The evolution of technologies regarding applications and infrastructure, standards...

With the availability and accuracy of satellite-based positioning systems and the growing computational power of mobile devices, recent research and commercial products of navigation systems are focusing on incorporating real-time information for supporting various applications. In addition, for...

Over the past few decades, the technologies of mobile communication, positioning, and computing have gradually converged. The automobile has been a natural platform for this convergence where satellitebased positioning, wireless communication and on-board computing work in tandem offering various...

Map matching algorithms integrate positioning data with spatial road network data to support the navigation modules of intelligent transport systems requiring location and navigation data. Research on the development of map matching algorithms has significantly advanced over the last few years. This...

This article explores the application of virtual environments to 3D geospatial visualization and exploration. VR worlds provide powerful functionalities for model generation and animation and are indeed a valuable tool for geospatial visualization. Subsequently, related issues such as the constraints...

GML is a promising model for integrating geodata within data warehouses. The resulting databases are generally large and require spatial operators to be handled. Depending on the size of the target geographical data and the number and complexity of operators in a query, the processing time may quickly...

This article proposes a multi-agent based framework that allows multiple data sources and models to be semantically integrated for spatial modeling in business processing. The paper reviews the feasibility of ontology-based spatial resource integration options to combine the core spatial reasoning with...

The globally observed recession of mobile services market has pushed mobile network operators into looking for opportunities to provide value added services on top of their high cost infrastructures. Recent advances in mobile positioning technologies enable services that make use of the mobile user...