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ChatGPT is a human–artificial intelligence (AI) interaction application that is able to perform human-like functions like learning, adapting, and processing data. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and chatbots into education has become more common recently. However, the increasing use of AI and chatbots in education also raises ethical challenges that need to be addressed (Hung & Chen, 2023; Kooli, 2023; Lo, 2023; Meyer et al., 2023). As Lim et al. put it, ChatGPT could destroy some education practices while at the same time supporting them (Lim et al., 2023). Thus, this study aims to investigate both the opportunity and challenge of using ChatGPT in education.
The study opens by discussing ChatGPT and how it relates to higher education. It then thoroughly analyses the previous research on the use of ChatGPT in higher education. Preferred reporting item for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology, which offers a structured procedure for conducting systematic reviews, is used in the study’s methods section. After a discussion and summary of the findings, the study concludes by offering insights about how these advanced AI models can be used in education and especially in university settings. Our hope is that this study will intrigue interest and further discussion related to leveraging ChatGPT in academia appropriately.
Possibilities and Benefits Brought About by ChatGPT in Education
ChatGPT can serve as an effective tool for providing immediate feedback and personalized learning experience. In this regard, ChatGPT functions as a personal language tutor for students (Xiao & Zhi, 2023). Researchers have long maintained the benefits of AI for education and in recent years, it has brought about new perspectives for personalized education (Lambert & Stevens, 2023; Maghsudi et al., 2021). In particular, ChatGPT can be used to adapt to the individual needs and preferences of each learner by providing customized content and feedback. This can ensure that each student's unique learning style and pace are taken into account, leading to more efficient and effective learning and improve their learning outcomes (Abd-alrazaq et al., 2023; Cotton et al., 2023). For example, instructors can input student essays, discussion board responses, and other assignments into ChatGPT to search for alignment to assignment requirements and to search for evidence for the need of further instruction (Glaser, 2023).
ChatGPT also serves as a valuable writing tool, generating creative content (D. Yan, 2023). ChatGPT can provide writing assistance to students, especially non-native English-speaking students, by enabling them to brainstorm ideas and get feedback on their writing. ChatGPT is also believed to be useful research aids for generating ideas, synthesizing information, and summarizing a vast amount of text data to help researchers analyze data and compose their writing, contributing to efficiency in publication, generating ideas or finding inspiration (C. K. Y. Chan & Hu, 2023; Wu & Yu, 2023). According to Michalon & Camacho-Zuñiga, ChatGPT’s requirement of concise prompts can be a driving force in improving the ability to effectively express ideas and communicate intentions. (Michalon & Camacho-Zuñiga, 2023). Additionally, other researchers demonstrated that ChatGPT is a highly effective tool for analyzing and detecting errors in EFL writing. However, it does have some limitations compared to human analysis (Algaraady & Mahyoob, 2023).