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The swift advancement of intelligent chatbot technology has garnered considerable interest in the enhanced availability of ChatGPT for educational applications. The implementation of ChatGPT for instructional purposes is presently prevalent and widely adopted across diverse domains, such as medical education, language education and so on. Many educators and learners have recognized the immense potential that ChatGPT brings to the process of learning and instruction. By participating in dialogues, rectifying grammatical errors, and providing vocabulary recommendations, chatbots can assist language learners in improving their linguistic proficiency. In addition, chatbots could aid lecturers in the management of virtual classrooms by facilitating tasks such as attendance tracking, lecture recording, fostering group discussions, and supporting collaborative project endeavors. Obviously, abundant educational factors that impact the ChatGPT-assisted environment merit thorough examination and consideration.
The utilization of mobile learning technologies demonstrated a noteworthy enhancement in behavioral, social, cognitive, and emotional engagements, as well as English learning outcomes, surpassing the impact observed with traditional teaching tools (Yu et al., 2022). In the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction, individuals utilizing the mobile learning platform exhibited higher satisfaction levels, experienced a notable enhancement in learning outcomes, and demonstrated a significantly reduced cognitive load compared to their counterparts without access to the platform (Yu et al., 2019). Satisfaction in a clickers-aided English as a Foreign Language (EFL) class exhibited a positive correlation with interaction, self-efficacy, and self-regulation, revealing no statistically significant gender differences (Yu, 2015). Furthermore, the persistence intention of students to utilize mobile tools is notably influenced by both peer and superior factors (Yu & Yu, 2019). In the realm of education, virtual reality (VR) technologies predominantly yield a robust and favorable impact on educational outcomes, notwithstanding certain adverse findings regarding their effects on anxiety, cognition, creativity, gender disparities, learning attitudes, learner satisfaction, and engagement (Yu, 2023). Hence, the integration of ChatGPT technology into pedagogical practices is imperative for prospective research endeavors.
Several studies endeavored to investigate the prospective influence of ChatGPT on students in education (Montenegro-Rueda et al., 2023). In classroom teaching, Chatbots could help instructors to create and administer quizzes or tests to assess students’ knowledge. They can provide instant feedback on performance and offer suggestions for improvement. In language learning, ChatGPT could provide personalized learning experiences by adapting content and interactions to the individual needs and preferences of students (Kohnke et al., 2023). It can offer explanations, resources, and recommendations tailored to each student’s learning pace and style. In the realm of health education, chatbots could assist students and educators in finding relevant research materials, academic papers, and reference information (Sallam, 2023). However, the preponderance of review articles primarily scrutinizes the pros and cons of ChatGPT, with a limited number of studies dedicated to the factors exerting influence.