Smart Contract-Based Secure Decentralized Smart Healthcare System

Smart Contract-Based Secure Decentralized Smart Healthcare System

Anu Raj, Shiva Prakash
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 20
DOI: 10.4018/ijsi.315742
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Abstract

Social distancing has been imposed to prevent substantial transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is presently a global public health issue. Medical healthcare providers rely on telemedicine to monitor their patients, particularly those with chronic conditions. However, telemedicine faces many implementation-related risks, including data breaches, access restrictions within the medical community, inaccurate diagnosis, fraud, etc. The authors propose a transparent, tamper-proof, distributed, decentralized smart healthcare system (DSHS) that uses blockchain-based smart contracts. The authors use an immutable modified Merkel tree structure to hold the transaction for viewing contracts on a public blockchain, updating patient health records (PHR), and exchanging PHR to all entities. It is verified by a performance evaluation based on the Ethereum platform. The simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms existing approaches by enhancing transparency, boosting efficiency, and reducing average latency in the system. The proposed system improves the functionality of the SHS environment.
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Introduction

Nowadays, everyone in the modern world places more emphasis on improving their health. Several new hospitals have been established as a result of the increase in illnesses. Patients find it challenging to access past health information since they are fascinated by visiting multiple hospitals for treatment and spreading their health records around several hospitals during their lifetime. Patient engagement with health records is thereby fragmented, which leads to better management of health records. The current health crisis has acted as an accelerator, allowing for the quick passage of stages that ordinarily delineate the adoption cycle of innovation. Reducing the amount of time that professionals and their patients were exposed to the COVID19 virus was crucial. Patients can communicate with their healthcare providers over long distances using telemedicine, receive care in the comfort of their own homes while having their health continuously monitored, and allow doctors to monitor the hospitalization process while providing suggestions to patients and their doctors. Today, the most promising technology in the business and medical industries is IoT (Verma et al., 2022). One of the goals of IoT is to enable, share, and gather data anonymously from physical and intelligent devices, such as home appliances, cars, and other physical objects (Gaur & Prakash, 2021). This global network saw the addition of more than 8.4 billion devices in 2017, a 31% increase from 2016 (​ZDNet, n.d.)(Verma & Prakash, 2021). Every action in the healthcare industry is difficult to complete on time, and integrating health records into the system is a challenging procedure. Because there are so many various types of health records, it can be difficult for providers to store, secure, and validate them. Another significant difficulty facing the healthcare industry is the high-quality recovery of stored health data in a time-sensitive situation (Azaria et al., 2016). Blockchain (BC) is an innovative architecture for digitizing clinical history, where it is challenging to cope with the problems of records and decentralized data protection (Siyal et al., 2019). To create a smart e-health system, Chelladurai et al.(Chelladurai & Pandian, 2022) presented a system for exchanging health data on a blockchain platform. The proposed system introduces health models, consisting of viewership contracts on the public blockchain network, immutable patient log creation, medical data interchange among various participating entities, and viewership contracts for storing securely and easy accessibility of medical records. The blockchain serves as a clinical data repository in this system, giving patients easy access to their EHR through healthcare professionals, and distributed ledger records consisting of information on all the events. However, it has previously been presented many blockchain-based security mechanisms for various types of IoT networks but still, there aren't any smart contract-based security approaches for the IoMT system. There is a need to do further work to design and develop security as well as access control techniques based on blockchain technology for these networks (Pelekoudas-Oikonomou et al., 2022). Fog computing appears to be the greatest option compared to cloud computing for setting up a real-time Internet of medical system scenario like telemedicine because it offers services with minimal latency, high mobility, and geographic distribution as well as temporary storage. The foundation of the internet of everything (IoE), which includes network intelligent systems, is essentially the internet of things (Raj & Prakash, 2018). There are various challenges related to IoT and WSN (Raj & Prakash, 2020). The main focus of this paper is on health data storage and security in the DSHS systems. The proposed system makes use of the idea of cloud computing to assure the distributed component required in remote patient health monitoring as well as blockchain-based smart contracts to provide access control that is dynamic, optimum, and self-adjusting (Bekr et al., 2021). The blockchain is a technology of a series of blocks in which each block depicts a series of transactions. A blockchain consists of several blocks that are irremovable in which each block consists of a block number, block hash value, digital signature, previous hash value, and nonce. In the medical industry, the patient's confidential information is handled by the domain and should be securely stored. Patient health information such as personal details, disease information, medical history, prescription details, medical test results, ECG, and scan reports, have not been able to be securely stored on the permissionless public blockchain. As a result, the proposed system presented in this paper describes a system for using smart contracts efficiently and securely transferring medical data among various healthcare entities in a public blockchain. The paper organization is in the following ways:

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