Currently the world is experiencing the global digital transformation of the fourth generation revolution for industry in the field of cyber physical systems (CPS) and artificial intelligence. Moreover, by utilizing artificial intelligence, cyber physical systems will be able to perform more proficiently, collaboratively, and spiritedly. Agriculture crop control is a process to protect the crop as much as possible so the crop is not infected by the different kinds of pests. Pests are any living organisms including insects, animals, weeds, pathogens, and other creatures that can harm the agriculture crop. Pests and other diseases cause an average of 20-30% global potential loss of crop production in every year. So, crop protection is required to reduce these losses. This chapter explores CPS concept to improve crop production to protect the crop from wild animals using machine learning and cyber physical systems. The smart agriculture process under CPS includes crop suggestion, irrigation and fertilization automation, crop protection, plant monitoring, and harvesting.
TopIntroduction
In this digital era, embedding the biotechnology, informational technology and physical space has directed to the 4th revolution in industry i.e. industry 4.0. These revolution in industry has change the life style of human being. The main feature of revolution is transition from semi-adapted fabrication to mass, fully-adapted manufacturing. The emerging technologies for such revolution are embedded system, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning and many cloud services with next generation internet technology. In basic level of the production line, actuators, sensors devices armed with wired or wireless communication networks are combined and convert the designing of embedded system in to CPS. The major processing units used to monitor and control the CPS in physical space.
The crop protection method are presented in terms of (i) brief introduction new resolution in industry 4.0 and cyber physical system (ii) Smart Agriculture process (iii) prototype designing for crop protection using Machine learning and (iv) pest identification using different sensor techniques.
This chapter explore the brief introduction to new resolution in industry 4.0 and application of cyber physical systems in technology. In order to introduces Cyber Physical system applications in Smart Agriculture, definitions and characteristics of Cyber Physical System (CPS) are explained and define with model architecture for system. In CPS, mostly embedded system and computer network control over all processing environment to protect the crop production in real time. Implementing this type of CPS system, requires the knowledge of network, software, embedded system and physical process. Advance Research and applications are outlined to highlight the latest advancement in the field.
Lastly the crop production will improve by applying the right amount of resources in the accurate period at the exact location.
In this section the brief introduction of industry 4.0 and cyber physical system are presented.
Industry 4.0
The term industrial revolution is define as the process of changing from handcraft to machine manufacturing. The new industrial revolution is called Industry 4.0. In industry 4.0 the automation and information exchange in manufacturing industries using emerging trends such as Cyber Physical System (CPS) (Gil et all., 2019), smart agriculture (Tyagi, Sumarga Kumar Sah, et al.2020), Internet of Things (Lakhwani, Kamlesh, et al., 2020), Machine Learning (Hiran, Kamal Kant, et al.2021), Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Block chain technology and many more.
When we talk about the first industrial revolution, it used the steam engine power and mechanical installation. This was followed by the electricity for mass manufacturing and assembly line in second categories industrial insurrection. Third time industrial revolution lead by the electronic chip and information technology. Now the Industry 4.0 is associated with CPS.
Industry 4.0 introduces new principles for manufacture industries including:
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Virtualization of assembling methods by connecting sensor generated signal with virtual plant and recreation models.
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Expanded interoperability between assembling through expanded availability.
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Distributed and smart decision-making plan.
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Real-time data collection.